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BMJ:淤斑和异常白细胞-案例报道

2017-03-27 xing.T MedSci原创

病人采用全反式维甲酸和伊达比星治疗,并已获得全面恢复。该患者完全康复,目前正在积极监测病情,每三个月进行骨髓PML-RARA PCR转录检查。

患者为一名20岁男性,因淤斑、牙龈出血、嗜睡一周就诊。他没有其他疾病史和服用常规药物。既不抽烟也不喝酒,没有旅行史。体检患者病容,有广泛的瘀斑和牙龈出血。其它临床检查,包括眼底检查均为正常。该患者:心率110次/分,血压100/80mmHg,体温38.5°C,呼吸频率20次/分,氧饱和度100%。结果显示:血液中血红蛋白77g/L(133-167g/L),白细胞计数6×109个/L(3.5-11×109个/L),中性粒细胞1.1×109个/L(2.0-7.0×109个/L),血小板45×109个/L(150-410×109个/L)和C反应蛋白水平160nmol/L(0.76-28.5nmol/L)。凝血筛查显示INR为1.9(0.8-1.1)、APTT比率为1.07(0.85-1.15)、纤维蛋白原0.8 g/L(2-4g/L)和D-二聚体3334ng/ml(小于250ng/ml)。尿素、肌酐和肝功能检查包括胆红素均正常。

该患者的40倍血涂片(图1)显示双叶核大早幼粒细胞,以及胞浆内嗜天青颗粒和Auer小体。他的骨髓涂片显示活跃的骨髓,挤满了含有Auer小体的大早幼粒细胞。


图1外周血样本×40倍

流式细胞仪检测外周血显示细胞克隆群体为HLADR-、CD34-CD13+、CD33+和CD117+。细胞遗传学检查证实这些细胞存在t(15;17)异常。

问题
1、诊断是什么?
血涂片和骨髓涂片显示大早幼粒细胞与急性早幼粒细胞白血病一致。这被流式细胞仪的结果和存在特征性的t(15;17)易位所证实。

2、这种疾病有什么治疗方法?
患者为急性早幼粒细胞白血病疑似诊断时就应该立即开始全反式维甲酸治疗,然后给予化疗。应采用必要的血液制剂积极治疗凝血病。三氧化二砷和全反式维甲酸组合可用于低到中等风险患者。

3、这种疾病必要的后续治疗是什么?
患者治疗然后出院回到初级保健后,被血液病医生团队随访三年。使用分子PCR技术监测外周血或骨髓。复发患者应给予补救性化疗,或可能需要干细胞移植。

患者预后
病人采用全反式维甲酸和伊达比星治疗,并已获得全面恢复。该患者完全康复,目前正在积极监测病情,每三个月进行骨髓PML-RARA PCR转录检查。

原始出处:

Selina J Chavda. et al. Bruising and abnormal leucocytes on a blood film—a haematological emergency.BMJ 2017; 356 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1164 

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848277, encodeId=07b418482e790, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Wed Nov 08 14:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183287, encodeId=870118328ef6, content=学习了,:不错,谢谢!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 13:12:17 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183081, encodeId=7a1b18308169, content=积极监测病情,每三个月进行骨髓PML-RARA PCR转录检查。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Mar 27 16:58:54 CST 2017, time=2017-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-08 gaoxiaoe
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848277, encodeId=07b418482e790, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Wed Nov 08 14:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183287, encodeId=870118328ef6, content=学习了,:不错,谢谢!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 13:12:17 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183081, encodeId=7a1b18308169, content=积极监测病情,每三个月进行骨髓PML-RARA PCR转录检查。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Mar 27 16:58:54 CST 2017, time=2017-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-28 大爰

    学习了,:不错,谢谢!!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848277, encodeId=07b418482e790, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Wed Nov 08 14:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183287, encodeId=870118328ef6, content=学习了,:不错,谢谢!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 13:12:17 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=183081, encodeId=7a1b18308169, content=积极监测病情,每三个月进行骨髓PML-RARA PCR转录检查。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Mar 27 16:58:54 CST 2017, time=2017-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-27 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    积极监测病情,每三个月进行骨髓PML-RARA PCR转录检查。

    0

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