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Nat Commun:全基因组测序揭示肝炎与肝癌新联系

2015-02-09 王英 生物通

最近,日本理化学所(RIKEN)的科学家们,利用全基因组测序首次证实,慢性肝炎和炎症可能对肝脏肿瘤中发现的基因突变产生深远的影响,从而为更好理解慢性肝炎导致癌症的机制,铺平了道路。相关研究结果发表在最近的《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)。 原发性肝癌是全世界癌症死亡的第三大原因,最近的研究表明,特别是在亚洲,感染乙型或丙型肝炎病毒,往往与这类癌症有关。肝癌从细

最近,日本理化学所(RIKEN)的科学家们,利用全基因组测序首次证实,慢性肝炎和炎症可能对肝脏肿瘤中发现的基因突变产生深远的影响,从而为更好理解慢性肝炎导致癌症的机制,铺平了道路。相关研究结果发表在最近的《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)。

原发性肝癌是全世界癌症死亡的第三大原因,最近的研究表明,特别是在亚洲,感染乙型或丙型肝炎病毒,往往与这类癌症有关。肝癌从细胞来源角度可分为三种:肝细胞型、胆管细胞型和混合型。

在这项研究中,研究小组对30份被归类为有胆管表型的肝癌肿瘤样本,进行了全基因组测序。这种类型的癌症起源于肝脏,但是却不同于肝细胞癌——原发性肝癌的主要形式,通常更具有侵袭性,预后较差。他们将数据与60个更为常见的肝细胞癌肿瘤进行了对比。为了研究基因表达,随后他们检测了来自25份胆管型肝癌和44份肝细胞癌样本的RNA测序数据。

令人惊讶的是,他们发现,虽然基因表达的模式——如RNA测序所示,在肝细胞癌和胆管表型肝癌之间是不同的,并取决于组织学类型,但是细胞中的总体突变模式,在感染丙型或乙型肝炎病毒的患者所显现的肿瘤之间实际上是相似的,不同于没有这种感染的患者肿瘤。这种相同的聚类,在病因学充分理解的癌症中也曾发现,例如黑色素瘤(UV光)和肺癌(吸烟)。根据该研究小组负责人、RIKEN综合医学中心的Hidewaki Nakagawa介绍:“这是一个有趣的发现,可能表明在肝炎感染患者中,癌症——甚至不同组织学类型的癌症,可能来自于相同的细胞,也许是肝脏祖细胞。在没有感染肝炎的患者当中,我们没有发现任何聚类,这表明他们的癌症可能具有非常不同的细胞来源。”

通过分析,研究人员还能够确定更具侵袭性的胆管型肝癌相关的突变变化。具体地说,他们发现,KRAS和IDHs(与更具侵袭性癌症有关的基因)突变,在具有慢性肝炎的患者肿瘤中不太常见。

展望未来,Nakagawa补充说:“通过我们的分析,我们能够鉴定一些具有胆管表型的肝癌,它们接近于肝癌,以及其他类似于胆管癌的癌症。我们希望,在未来这将使我们能够为每种类型的癌症定制个性化疗法。我们也希望,我们所发现的新基因突变,可以用作未来治疗的靶标。”

这项研究是国际癌症基因组协会(ICGC)项目的一部分,该项目旨在对50多种不同的肿瘤类型或/和亚型的基因组、转录组和表观基因组变化,进行一个全面的描述,这在全球具有重要的临床和社会意义。RIKEN负责其中一个项目,研究与病毒感染有关的肝癌。

原始出处: 

Akihiro Fujimoto, n1 Mayuko Furuta, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kunihito Gotoh, Yoshiiku Kawakami, Koji Arihiro et al. Whole-genome mutational landscape of liver cancers displaying biliary phenotype reveals hepatitis impact and molecular diversity. Nature Communications, Volume: 6, doi:10.1038/ncomms7120

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    2015-05-28 liye789132251
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    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

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    0

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