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隐球菌性脑膜炎处理新进展

2011-07-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

来源:医学论坛网   近日,第五届地坛国际感染病会议(DICID)在北京国家会议中心胜利召开,来自澳大利亚悉尼大学的T.C. Sorrell教授在会上作了《隐球菌性脑膜炎处理新进展》的报告,报告的主要内容如下:     近期研究不断强调,新型隐球菌和其近缘种格特隐球菌引起的感染有显著的临床差异。越来越多的证据提示,各种属内的分子遗传学类型可能也有不同的临床表型。其他种属相关

来源:医学论坛网

  近日,第五届地坛国际感染病会议(DICID)在北京国家会议中心胜利召开,来自澳大利亚悉尼大学的T.C. Sorrell教授在会上作了《隐球菌性脑膜炎处理新进展》的报告,报告的主要内容如下  

  近期研究不断强调,新型隐球菌和其近缘种格特隐球菌引起的感染有显著的临床差异。越来越多的证据提示,各种属内的分子遗传学类型可能也有不同的临床表型。其他种属相关差异包括生态学、流行病学和宿主免疫状态。

  神经疾病致死致残率均很高。隐球菌脑膜炎仍是严重的健康负担,尤其在发展中国家,其主要与HIV感染相关。患者转归的主要决定因素包括就诊时的神经状态、颅内压水平、颅内大面积病变(cerebral mass lesions)和脑脊液(CSF)中隐球菌载量。

  对于抗真菌治疗方案的选择,应考虑宿主因素、疾病严重程度(包括并发症的出现)和致病隐球菌种属。近期研究提示,需要使用两性霉素B联合氟胞嘧啶进行快速真菌诱导治疗,以获得良好的转归。为预防复发,以及对于HIV感染病例,需要使用氟康唑进行维持治疗,且治疗要一直持续至免疫功能恢复。对于格特隐球菌脑膜炎,需要延长诱导和根除治疗。治疗中很重要的是积极控制好升高的颅内压或脑水肿。

  临床医生应警惕免疫重建样特征。对于大的隐球菌瘤(cryptococcomas)、脑水肿或难治的感染患者,可能需要辅助手术治疗或使用皮质类固醇。一些小的格特隐球菌感染系列中,观察了分离株与氟康唑最小抑制浓度相对增加的临床关联。除将氟康唑作为HIV感染相关隐球菌脑膜炎初始治疗广泛应用的地区外,新型隐球菌分离株仍然对氟康唑敏感。

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    2011-07-23 xugc
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