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Stroke:妊娠高血压疾病,对脑卒中风险的影响如何?

2022-01-16 Freeman MedSci原创

HDP对未来卒中风险的影响持续了17年,无论是缺血性卒中还是出血性卒中

约有5%至10%的妊娠因妊娠高血压疾病(HDP)而变得复杂,2017年全球发病率约为1583万。HDP分为4种亚型:慢性高血压(HTN)、慢性HTN与叠加的子痫前期、子痫前期/子痫和妊娠期高血压。HDP的病因可能是多因素的,涉及遗传和其他因素。

 

一个可能的机制是胰岛素抵抗,这是怀孕的一个标志,在怀孕的第三个月达到高峰,分娩后迅速恢复到怀孕前的水平;它可能在HDP中起作用,并与基本的HTN有关。另一方面,胎盘缺血、低密度脂蛋白中毒、免疫适应不良和基因印记也被报道为子痫前期的可能病因。

由于这些不同的潜在病因,研究不同的HDP亚型是否有不同的后期血管病变模式是很有意义的。文献回顾显示,一项问卷调查研究报告说,与没有这种历史的妇女相比,怀孕期间有高血压病史的妇女在随后被诊断为中风的风险增加(12%的估计事件率与5%相比,P<0.001)。

在不同的HDP亚型中,子痫前期-子痫作为研究最多的亚型,在一项荟萃分析中被报告在随访10年后发生中风的相对风险为1.81(95% CI,1.45-2.27)。然而,到目前为止,还没有研究调查过4种HDP亚型与2种卒中亚型,即出血性和缺血性卒中之间的关系。

在这项为期17年的全国性队列研究中,我国台湾Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital的Shih-Kai Hung等人,评估了按随访时间分层的HDP女性的出血和缺血性卒中风险。

他们回顾了2000年至2017年台湾地区17 588名18至45岁有HDP病史的女性的数据。在与混杂因素匹配后,招募了13 617名HDP女性和54 468名非HDP女性。

他们发现:HDP女性中风的调整危险比(aHR)为1.71(95%CI,1.46-2.00),缺血性和出血性中风的调整危险比(aHR)分别为1.60(1.35-1.89)和2.98(2.13-4.18)(所有P<0.001)。

HDP组的总体中风风险在产后10至15年仍为2.04倍(1.47-2.83,P<0.001)。虽然缺血性和出血性卒中的风险都持续存在,但其风险时间趋势不同。

缺血性卒中的风险在产后1-3年达到高峰,aHR为2.14(1.36-3.38),而出血性卒中的风险逐渐增加,在产后10-15年后aHR为4.64(2.47-8.73)(均P<0.001)。

在4种HDP亚型中,慢性高血压叠加子痫前期的卒中风险最高(aHR=3.86,1.91-7.82,P<0.001),其次是子痫前期-子痫(aHR=2。 00,1.63-2.45,P<0.001),以及妊娠期高血压(aHR=1.68,1.13-2.52,P<0.05);

慢性前期高血压的卒中风险最低(aHR=1.27,0.97-1.68,P>0.05)。此外,多个HDP合并子痫前期的aHR为5.48(1.14-26.42,P<0.05)。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:HDP对未来卒中风险的影响持续了17年,无论是缺血性卒中还是出血性卒中。存在多个HDP和子痫前期会进一步增加卒中的风险。

 

原文出处:
Hung SK, Lee MS, Lin HY, et al. Impact of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy on the Risk of Stroke Stratified by Subtypes and Follow-Up Time. Stroke. Published online January 5, 2022:STROKEAHA.121.034109. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034109.

 

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    2022-07-28 j3x

    学习

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    2022-01-16 ms6000000320023757

    学习了

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    2022-01-16 ms1000000658833282

    厉害

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