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[重复]罕见双侧Bow Hunter综合征1例

2018-09-28 Albertson AJ,Kummer TT 脑血管病及重症文献导读

Bow Hunter综合征也称为旋转性椎基底动脉供血不足(vertebrobasilar insufficiency),是一种罕见的疾病,特征为颈部转动时引起后循环缺血。

Bow Hunter综合征也称为旋转性椎基底动脉供血不足(vertebrobasilar insufficiency),是一种罕见的疾病,特征为颈部转动时引起后循环缺血。

这个词是1978年提出的,当时一个39岁男性猎鹿弯腰后出现了延髓外侧综合征,推测可能为射箭瞄准(我的理解是此时需要头转90度)引起动态、单侧椎动脉闭塞所致。从那以后,旋转性椎基底动脉供血不足重新定义为在侧枝循环不良的情况下机械性椎动脉闭塞,大部分持续时间短暂。闭塞的原因包括骨刺、fibrous bands、捏脊手法、颈椎间盘突出和创伤。诊断方法包括CTA、MRA、TCD和DSA。动态血管造影是诊断的金标准,就是患者进行椎动脉造影时旋转患者的头部,此时发现畅通的椎动脉发生闭塞就可以诊断。

2018年8月来自美国的Asher J. Albertson等在Neurocrit Care报道了一例罕见的双侧旋转性椎基底动脉供血不足。

84岁,女性,既往风湿性关节炎、严重抑郁和儿童期痫性发作。因眩晕和姿势不稳就诊。

来院时乘坐轮椅,因为严重性风湿性关节炎。2周前意外从床上摔下,伤及头部。当时急诊室X线无明显异常,出院回家。出院后,患者一直颈部疼痛。

入院3天前,发作性姿势性不稳,眩晕和呕吐。患者既往无类似症状。

患者到达急诊室头CT无异常。颈部CT显示复杂C1椎体骨折(图1 A)和齿突骨折并向后移位(图1 B)合并严重退行性变。

图1

入院后再次发作,持续30秒,特点为突然对刺激无反应,大声呼吸,向左或向右凝视偏离(gaze deviation to either the right or the left)。最醒目的是经典剑术师姿势,右侧或左侧手臂强制性伸展,同时对侧手臂弯曲。发作后立即恢复到基线精神状态。

CTA显示左侧椎动脉狭窄或夹层(图2 A,黄色箭头),右侧椎动脉闭塞(图3 B)。椎动脉狭窄或闭塞的部位都接近C1骨折处。此时,发现患者每次发作似乎与体位改变有关,包括给患者洗浴或为患者翻身时。

图2

图3

MRI和MRA未发现卒中的证据,但是发现右侧椎动脉未闭塞(先前CTA显示闭塞)(图3 C):

DSA,左侧椎动脉造影开始显示血流正常(图4 D),术中把患者头向左旋转15°时患者症状复发,此时显示左侧椎动脉闭塞(图4 E)。结合患者右侧椎动脉间歇开放,提示该患者为双侧旋转性椎基底动脉供血不足。

图4

随后患者进行了枕颈融合术。术后患者无法唤醒,提示术中缺血。复查脑MRI发现后循环卒中(图5 F)。

图5

之后的几天病人在ICU通过机械通气仍保持着最低限度的清醒。考虑到病人广泛的脑干损伤以及不良预后结局,经与其家属商量,病人随后被送往安养院(hospice)。

原始出处:

Albertson AJ,Kummer TT. Bilateral Bow Hunter's Syndrome Mimicking a Classic Seizure Semiology. Neurocrit Care. 2018 Aug;29(1):105-109. doi: 10.1007/s12028-018-0545-5.

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    2019-09-08 yuandd
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    2018-09-30 syscxl
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