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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol:糖尿病患者保护肾脏 可交给卡格列净?

2018-10-20 贾朝娟 环球医学

在许多国家,2型糖尿病是肾衰竭最常见的原因。控制血糖、血压和蛋白尿等危险因素,联合使用肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)抑制剂,是保护肾功能的主要措施。尽管如此,残留风险仍然很高,一些针对肾脏疾病的新型干预措施也被证明无效。

在许多国家,2型糖尿病是肾衰竭最常见的原因。控制血糖、血压和蛋白尿等危险因素,联合使用肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)抑制剂,是保护肾功能的主要措施。尽管如此,残留风险仍然很高,一些针对肾脏疾病的新型干预措施也被证明无效。

尽管钠-葡萄糖共转运体-2(SGLT2)抑制剂对肾功能减退糖尿病患者血糖和体重的影响减弱,但仍可降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖、血压和体重,并改变高滤过性1型糖尿病患者的肾内血流动力学。

在卡格列净血管评估研究(CANVAS)项目中,与安慰剂相比,卡格列净能降低主要不良心血管事件发生率,并且结果显示对心血管事件高风险2型糖尿病患者具有肾脏获益。该研究中,研究者报道了一项预先指定的探索性分析结果,即卡格列净对一系列持续和判定的肾脏结局的长期作用。

CANVAS项目包括两项双盲、随机试验,在心血管事件高风险的2型糖尿病受试者中比较了卡格列净vs安慰剂,这一项目在30个国家的667个中心完成。

受试者纳入标准为,年龄为30岁及以上且HbA1c为7.0~10.5%(53~91 mmol/mol)的2型糖尿病患者,且有症状性动脉粥样硬化血管疾病史;或者年龄为50岁及以上,且至少有2个心血管风险因素。

CANVAS的受试者被随机分配(1:1:1)至接受卡格列净300 mg、卡格列净100 mg或相匹配的安慰剂,每日1次。CANVAS-R的受试者被随机分配(1:1)至接受卡格列净或匹配的安慰剂,初始剂量为每日100 mg,从第13周可选择增加到300 mg或匹配的安慰剂。治疗分配对受试者和所有研究者设盲,直到研究完成。

本文报道了预先设定的结局,包括持续和判定的血清肌酐加倍、终末期肾病或肾脏原因的死亡的复合结局;复合结局的单项;估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的年度减少;和尿白蛋白-肌酐比(UACR)。

本试验已注册在ClinicalTrials.gov,注册号是NCT01032629(CANVAS)和NCT01989754(CANVAS-R)。

结果显示,2009年11月17日至2011年3月7日(CANVAS)间和2014年1月17日和2015年5月29日(CANVAS-R)期间,筛选了15494名患者,其中10142名受试者(基线平均eGFR 76.5 mL/min/1.73m2,中位UACR是12.3 mg/g,80%接受肾素-血管紧张素系统阻断剂)被随机分配至接受卡格列净或安慰剂。

卡格列净组出现持续血清肌酐加倍、终末期肾病和肾脏原因死亡组成的复合结局的患者数,少于安慰剂组(卡格列净组每1000患者-年1.5 vs安慰剂组每1000患者-年2.8;风险比0.53),结果在预先设定的亚组患者中一致。

同安慰剂相比,卡格列净治疗的受试者的年度eGFR降低速度较慢(两组之间的斜率差值是每年1.2 mL/min/1.73 m2),平均UACR降低18%(95%CI 16~20)。卡格列净组和安慰剂组总的严重肾脏相关不良事件相似(每1000患者-年2.5 vs 3.3;HR 0.76)。

因此,作者认为,在预先设定的探索性分析中,卡格列净治疗与持续肾功能丧失风险降低、eGFR降低减慢、白尿白减少相关。这表明该药对2型糖尿病患者的肾脏具有保护作用。

原始出处:

Perkovic V, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: results from the CANVAS Program randomised clinical trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Sep;6(9):691-704. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30141-4. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

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    2019-06-25 howi
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    2018-10-20 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2018-10-20 liumin1987

    嗯嗯,学习学习。

    0

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    2018-10-20 txqjm

    谢谢了,学习

    0

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在儿童癌症幸存者中,虽然糖尿病风险在胰腺辐射接触后风险增加,其余睾丸癌(TC)生存者之间的相关性还没有调查。最近,有研究人员在2998名1年TC生存者中研究了糖尿病风险,他们均在50岁之前进行睾丸切除和/或放射治疗,时间均在1976年和2007年之间。研究人员将该群体的糖尿病发生率与普通人群比例进行了比较,并利用一个案例群体设计评估了治疗特异性糖尿病风险。研究发现,平均的跟踪调查时间为13.4年,

NEJM:糖尿病患者服用阿司匹林一级预防的疗效

由此可见,阿司匹林可用于预防没有明显心血管疾病的糖尿病患者严重血管事件,但它也会引起了大出血事件。绝对的好处在很大程度上与出血风险相抵消。

NEJM:n-3脂肪酸补充剂对糖尿病的影响

由此可见,在没有心血管疾病证据的糖尿病患者中,接受n-3脂肪酸补充的患者与接受安慰剂治疗的患者之间发生严重血管事件的风险没有显著差异。

这6个过度治疗方式,应告诫糖尿病患者

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Diabetes Care:性别和BMI就足以指导2型糖尿病二线三线疗法的选择?

所有重要的2型糖尿病指南均推荐,磺脲类和噻唑烷二酮类为二线和三线治疗选择。2016年它们占到美国新型二线处方的50%(磺脲类,46%;噻唑烷二酮类,4%)。作为仅有的仿制口服药物,它们具有明显的价格优势,仅为常用的二肽基肽酶4(DPP-4)抑制剂和钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)1/10。

糖尿病“伤肾”了,该如何防?

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最常见、最棘手的并发症之一,也是尿毒症透析的主要原因之一。据统计,糖尿病是目前我国慢性肾脏病的第一大病因,透析的第二大病因。那么,糖尿病患者如何才能防止肾损伤呢?

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