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PNAS:演化中丢失的基因,让人类备受心血管疾病困扰

2019-07-24 佚名 中国生物技术网

近日,美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学院的一项研究发现,我们的祖先在二、三百万年前丢失了一个基因,结果导致人类这个物种患心血管疾病风险增加,同时显示该基因的缺失使吃红肉也会给人类带来了进一步的风险。该研究7月22日已发表在《美国国家科学院院刊(PNAS)》上。

近日,美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学院的一项研究发现,我们的祖先在二、三百万年前丢失了一个基因,结果导致人类这个物种患心血管疾病风险增加,同时显示该基因的缺失使吃红肉也会给人类带来了进一步的风险。该研究7月22日已发表在《美国国家科学院院刊(PNAS)》上。



动脉粥样硬化引起的心脏病和中风等心血管疾病(CVD)事件是全球死亡的最常见原因。CVD的风险因素很多,包括缺乏运动、血脂异常、年龄、高血压、肥胖、吸烟和红肉摄入,但约有15%的首次心血管疾病事件是非上述因素引发。

十年前,加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学院的病理学教授Nissi Varki和医学及细胞与分子医学特聘教授Ajit Varki的研究团队指出,因动脉粥样硬化而自然发生的冠状动脉心脏病发作在其他哺乳动物中几乎不存在,包括与人类关系密切的人工驯养黑猩猩,它们具有与人类相似的其他风险因素,如高血脂、高血压和缺乏身体活动等。相反,黑猩猩的“心脏病发作”是由于迄今尚未解释清楚的心肌瘢痕造成的。

在这项新研究中,研究团队报告称,与保留对照组能产生Neu5Gc唾液酸糖分子的Cmah基因小鼠相比,通过基因修饰而缺少Neu5Gc的人源化小鼠显示出动脉粥样硬化显著增加。




该研究团队认为,一种使Cmah基因失活的突变发生在几百万年前的人类祖先中,这一事件可能与识别Neu5Gc的疟原虫有关。

在该研究中,与未修饰的小鼠相比,人源化小鼠Cmah和Neu5Gc的消除导致动脉粥样硬化的严重程度增加了近两倍。

Ajit Varki说:“这种风险的增加似乎是由多种因素造成的,包括过度活跃的白细胞和人源化小鼠的糖尿病易感性。这可能有助于解释为什么即使没有其他明显心血管风险因素的素食者也易患心脏病和中风,而其他进化上与人类关系密切的动物则不会。”

除此之外,在食用红肉的过程中,人类也会反复接触Neu5Gc。研究人员表示,Neu5Gc会促进一种免疫反应和名为“xenosialitis”的慢性炎症。在他们的测试中,通过基因修饰而缺少Cmah基因的人源化小鼠被喂食富含Neu5Gc的高脂饮食,随后动物的动脉粥样硬化严重程度进一步增加了2.4倍,而这是无法通过血脂或糖的变化来解释的。

研究人员说:“人类演化过程中Cmah的丧失可能通过内在和外在(饮食)因素导致动脉粥样硬化的易感性。未来的研究可以考虑使用这种人源化模型。”

在过去的研究中,Varkis及其同事已经证明,饮食中的Neu5Gc也会促进Neu5Gc缺陷小鼠的炎症和癌症进展,这表明在红肉中大量存在的非人糖分子可以至少在一定程度上解释了大量食用红肉与某些癌症之间的联系。

有趣的是,Cmah基因的进化缺失似乎还导致了人类生理上的其他重大变化,包括人类生育能力的下降和长跑能力的增强。

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    2020-03-18 jyzxjiangqin

    心血管疾病的治疗。

    0

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    2019-10-19 drwjr
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    2019-12-23 jyzxjiangqin

    心血管疾病的影响。

    0

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    2019-08-17 jyzxjiangqin

    人类备受心血管疾病困扰。

    0

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    2019-08-07 jyzxjiangqin

    人类备受心血管疾病困扰。

    0

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