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Mol Cell:我国科学家发现药物成分喷他脒具有阻止艾滋病毒复制新作用

2012-07-25 张乐 朱涵 新华网

浙江大学生命科学学院沈炳辉教授领衔的课题组经过多年的研究,发现一种上市多年的药物中含有的主要成分喷他脒,具有“切断”艾滋病毒的生命周期,阻止艾滋病毒自我复制,从而保护人体免疫系统的作用。相关研究成果刊登在了Molecular Cell上。 据了解,这一名为“喷他脒气雾剂”的药物,在其主要成分被发现有这一新作用前,只是用于治疗因艾滋病导致的肺部感染。 沈的课题组介绍,他们是通过基因组学的理论和实

浙江大学生命科学学院沈炳辉教授领衔的课题组经过多年的研究,发现一种上市多年的药物中含有的主要成分喷他脒,具有“切断”艾滋病毒的生命周期,阻止艾滋病毒自我复制,从而保护人体免疫系统的作用。相关研究成果刊登在了Molecular Cell上。

据了解,这一名为“喷他脒气雾剂”的药物,在其主要成分被发现有这一新作用前,只是用于治疗因艾滋病导致的肺部感染。

沈的课题组介绍,他们是通过基因组学的理论和实验室研究后,惊讶地发现喷他脒具有如此令人欣喜的新作用的。沈炳辉告诉记者,与中方合作的还有美国的一家癌症研究中心。去年4月,双方共同从基因分子学的角度,就其具有抑制艾滋病毒复制作用的研究成果,在美国取得了发明专利。但目前,这一成果还没有进入到临床实验。

艾滋病毒进入人体之后有一段潜伏期。从感染HIV病毒到发病,平均需要12至13年。在潜伏期里,艾滋病毒侵入人体免疫细胞,借助免疫细胞和人体蛋白进行病毒的复制、扩散,逐渐破坏人体免疫系统。当人体的免疫系统无法抵御病毒的袭击时,艾滋病的症状才会出现。

在多年的研究中,科学家发现人体中的一种叫做FEN-1的蛋白在艾滋病毒的复制过程中起着决定性作用。“这意味着,如果HIV生活周期中必需的这种蛋白被破坏了,那么艾滋病毒就无法完成复制。”沈炳辉说。

他们研究发现,喷他脒可以有效切断这一蛋白的分子,从而阻断病毒的复制。这样进入人体的艾滋病毒就无法进行大量的复制,也就不能够对人体免疫系统造成致命伤害,少量的艾滋病毒甚至能够被健康的免疫系统清除。

沈炳辉表示,从目前的研究看,该药将主要针对艾滋病病毒携带者,对预防感染艾滋病毒和治疗艾滋病患者并无明显作用。

与现有大多数针对病毒本身进行的“靶向治疗”不同,科学家的这项研究针对的是人体自有的一种蛋白。课题组成员、浙江大学生命科学学院的王英杰教授说,从全新的角度考虑用药,或许能为治疗艾滋病提供新的思路。

目前,美国食品药物管理局(FDA)批准的艾滋病治疗药物共5有大类,33种,其中32种都是针对病毒本身,且都有耐药性的问题。

艾滋病毒突变率高,侵入人体免疫细胞之后,还会不断发生基因变异来适应药物。因此目前临床使用的艾滋病药物往往很难保证长期效果。这也就意味着,一旦病毒对某几种药产生耐药性,其余可供患者选择的药品很少。而人体自有的蛋白性状稳定,将可大大延长药物的有效作用时间。

在现有的治疗方法中,“鸡尾酒疗法”是比较先进、效果也较好的一种,可以有效推迟艾滋病携带者的发病时间。但这种疗法价格高昂,平均一个艾滋病毒携带者每年要花费2.2万美元。而王英杰称,虽然这一治疗药物距离真正上市还有很长的路要走,但“治疗费用肯定显著低于鸡尾酒疗法”。

据介绍,“喷他脒气雾剂”最早是由美国的一家制药公司研发的,于1989年在美国获批准投产,目前已过了专利保护期。

专家说,直接使用“喷他脒气雾剂”对从分子层面阻断艾滋病毒自我复制并无效果。为确保喷他脒成分能够更加准确地作用于人体,在此基础上改良而成的胶囊制剂,有望于下半年在美国进入临床实验。第一期实验中,将有80余名志愿者服用药物。专家预计,要完成三期的临床实验,至少需要8-10年。

人类基因组计划中国部分负责人、中科院院士杨焕明在不久前于杭州举行的首届全球华人遗传学大会上,曾公开评价包括沈炳辉等在内的与会科学家的探索和贡献。他表示,科学家们基于基因组学、遗传学领域的研究,将为人类治疗包括艾滋病在内的更多不治之症提供新的思路和方法,为治疗这些疑难杂症找到科研依据。

自1981年世界首例艾滋病发现至今,艾滋病在全球呈现快速蔓延趋势。世界卫生组织发布的统计数据显示,2010年全球约有3400万人携带艾滋病病毒,其中当年新增的感染者约有270万人。

doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.05.042
PMC:
PMID:

Sequential Posttranslational Modifications Program FEN1 Degradation during Cell-Cycle Progression

Zhigang Guo1, 2, 7, Julie Kanjanapangka2, 3, 7, Na Liu2, 7, 8, Songbai Liu2, 5, 7, Changwei Liu2, 5, 7, Zhenxing Wu2, 5, Yingjie Wang6, Tiffany Loh2, 9, Claudia Kowolik4, Joonas Jamsen2, Mian Zhou2, Khue Truong3, 4, Yuan Chen3, 4, Li Zheng2, Binghui Shen2, 3, 5, ,

We propose that cell-cycle-dependent timing of FEN1 nuclease activity is essential for cell-cycle progression and the maintenance of genome stability. After DNA replication is complete at the exit point of the S phase, removal of excess FEN1 may be crucial. Here, we report a mechanism that controls the programmed degradation of FEN1 via a sequential cascade of posttranslational modifications. We found that FEN1 phosphorylation stimulated its SUMOylation, which in turn stimulated its ubiquitination and ultimately led to its degradation via the proteasome pathway. Mutations or inhibitors that blocked the modification at any step in this pathway suppressed FEN1 degradation. Critically, the presence of SUMOylation- or ubiquitination-defective, nondegradable FEN1 mutant protein caused accumulation of Cyclin B, delays in the G1 and G2/M phases, and polyploidy. These findings may represent a newly identified regulatory mechanism used by cells to ensure precise cell-cycle progression and to prevent transformation.

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    2013-01-26 维他命
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