JID：新生儿期接种RRV-TV可预防轮状病毒性肠胃炎

口服恒河猴人重组轮状病毒四价疫苗（RRV-TV，rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus retravalent vaccine）在1998年获得许可，但是因为与婴儿出生90天以上初次免疫后发生了不对称的肠套叠有极大关系，所以就在1999年就被撤回了。为了在新生儿期首次免疫和60天内二次免疫的婴儿中检测RRV-TV对轮状病毒性肠胃炎（RV-GE，rotavirus gastroenteritis）的预防效果，来自于西非加纳大学的George E. Armah做了一项研究，该研究结果在线发表于2013年4月18日的Journal of Infection Diseases杂志上。研究发现，新生儿期接种RRV-TV可预防RV-GE的发生。

这是一项随机双盲的安慰剂对照实验，研究者对在加纳征募的婴儿接种两次RRV-TV或安慰剂并跟踪观察12个月。

研究结果显示，在998名意向性治疗的婴儿群体中，疫苗对抵抗疫苗中存在的任意一种轮状病毒型相关的RV-GE的有效率达到了63.1%，而抵抗任意病毒型的RV-GE的有效率是60.7%。

研究发现，新生儿期接种两次RRV-TV的免疫方案能够在加纳乡村中有效防止RV-GE的发生。新生儿期接种能够发挥早期保护作用，，这可能是避免或显著减少肠套叠发生的理想方案。因此，新生儿期接种RRV-TV可有效预防RV-GE的发生。

与肠胃炎相关的拓展阅读：

• 法两周内近50万人感染流行性肠胃炎
更多信息请点击：有关肠胃炎更多资讯

Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of Two Doses of a Tetravalent Rotavirus Vaccine RRV-TV in Ghana with the First Dose Administered during the Neonatal Period.
Background
Oral rhesus/rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent (RRV-TV) vaccine was licensed in 1998 but withdrawn in 1999 due to a rare association with intussusception, which occurred disproportionately in infants receiving their first dose at ≥90 days of age. This study examined RRV-TV for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RV-GE) in Ghana, West Africa, with infants receiving the first dose of two during the neonatal period and the second before 60 days of age.
Methods
In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Navrongo, Ghana, we recruited neonates to receive two doses of RRV-TV or placebo and followed them to age 12 months.
Results
In the intention-to-treat population of 998 infants, we measured a vaccine efficacy of 63.1% against RV-GE of any severity associated with any of the four serotypes represented in the vaccine and 60.7% against RV-GE associated with any rotavirus serotype.
Conclusions
RRV-TV in a two-dose schedule with the first dose during the neonatal period is efficacious in preventing RV-GE in rural Ghana. Neonatal dosing results in early protection and may be the optimum schedule to avoid or significantly reduce intussusception, now reported to be associated in international settings with the two most widely marketed, licensed, live virus, oral rotavirus vaccines.