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2015 急性冠脉综合征临床实践指南(一)

2015-12-01 中国医师协会急诊医师分会 中国急救医学.2015.35(12):1063-1067.

该实践指南汇集了国内外最新ACS 的相关指南以及相关循证医学研究,在病理生理学基础上形成国内急诊医学等学科专家集体智慧的结晶。指南以流程图说明ACS处理过程中所需的各个步骤及先后顺序,结构严谨,阐述详细,是一部有价值的实用性强的临床实践指南。

中文标题:

2015 急性冠脉综合征临床实践指南(一)

发布日期:

2015-12-01

简要介绍:

急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndromes,ACS)多在急诊首诊,是急诊科常见疾病之一。急诊科初诊过程中的早期识别及正确处理与患者预后密切相关。患者多以胸痛或胸部不适为首发症状,可导致心律失常、心力衰竭、甚至猝死,是急诊的主要致死疾病之一。基于ACS发病急、病情变化快、预后差与是否及时准确诊治显著相关等特点,如能尽早识别,及时采取恰当的治疗方法,则可大大降低病死率,减少并发症,改善患者的预后。为提高急诊医生ACS诊疗水平,制定一个适合各级医疗机构急诊科医生(包括院前急救医生)实用性强、可操作的评估ACS指南具有重要意义。 

本临床实践指南的制定具有以下特点:

1.突出实用性。指南涵盖了急诊科医生处理ACS的基本流程、注意事项等,同时兼顾到基层临床医生,也适合内科等专业使用。 

2.强调对ACS患者的全程规范化管理。主要内容包括:患者的危险因素、发病因素、诱发因素、症状特点、早期识别、院前急救、鉴别诊断、急诊救治、预后判断、并发症处理、重症监护、出院后康复指导以及预防复发。积极倡导多学科合作共赢的框架,以急诊科为起始救治单元,多学科共同参与,全程管理患者,达到降低发病率、救治及时合理、降低致残致死率、减少复发等。 

3.有条件的医院在急诊科建立“胸痛中心”的意义重大。胸痛中心是近年来ACS等急性胸痛疾病救治管理模式的重要改进,它不是单个救治环节上的改变,而是整个救治模式和救治理念的更新。胸痛中心建设的目标和意义在于让急性胸痛患者得到“早期评估、危险分层、正确分流、科学救治”。从而既避免了高危患者的漏诊、误诊,同时也减少了低危患者不必要的医疗资源浪费,最终使有限的医疗资源更高效地用于ACS的救治,从而改善患者预后。近年来,全国各地先后成立了多家胸痛中心,但多数不是以急诊科为主导,急诊科作为ACS救治的重要单元,参与度严重不足。 

4.突出中国特色。中国幅员辽阔,不同地区医疗水平存在显著差异,对于急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(ST elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者,强调尽可能的缩短首次医疗接触(first medical contact,FMC)到再灌注治疗的时间,如果不能在90分钟内实现经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI),或到达无PCI条件的医疗机构,建议积极静脉溶栓,并对溶栓后患者实施科学合理的转运机制,打造“区域协同救治网络”。 

此外,加强胸痛相关知识的宣教,最大可能缩短疾病发生到就诊的时间,对保证“时间窗”有重要意义。同时,积极提倡静脉溶栓与PCI治疗的有机结合,尤其是针对部分基层医院。有些大的医疗中心,由于种种原因,直接PCI延迟时间较长,也要提倡早期实施静脉溶栓、PCI与冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass graft,CABG)等治疗的有机结合,给心肌一个早期再灌注的机会,为进一步治疗赢得时间。 

该实践指南汇集了国内外最新ACS的相关指南以及相关循证医学研究,在病理生理学基础上形成国内急诊医学等学科专家集体智慧的结晶。指南以流程图说明ACS处理过程中所需的各个步骤及先后顺序,结构严谨,阐述详细,是一部有价值的实用性强的临床实践指南。

拓展指南:急性冠脉综合征相关指南:

相关资料下载:
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class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">本临床实践指南的制定具有以下特点:</span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: bold;">1.<!--[endif]-->突出实用性。</span>指南涵盖了急诊科医生处理ACS的基本流程、注意事项等,同时兼顾到基层临床医生,也适合内科等专业使用。<span style="font-size: 9pt;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: bold;">2.<!--[endif]-->强调对ACS患者的全程规范化管理。</span>主要内容包括:患者的危险因素、发病因素、诱发因素、症状特点、早期识别、院前急救、鉴别诊断、急诊救治、预后判断、并发症处理、重症监护、出院后康复指导以及预防复发。积极倡导多学科合作共赢的框架,以急诊科为起始救治单元,多学科共同参与,全程管理患者,达到降低发病率、救治及时合理、降低致残致死率、减少复发等。<span style="font-size: 9pt;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: bold;">3.<!--[endif]-->有条件的医院在急诊科建立“胸痛中心”的意义重大。</span>胸痛中心是近年来ACS等急性胸痛疾病救治管理模式的重要改进,它不是单个救治环节上的改变,而是整个救治模式和救治理念的更新。胸痛中心建设的目标和意义在于让急性胸痛患者得到“早期评估、危险分层、正确分流、科学救治”。从而既避免了高危患者的漏诊、误诊,同时也减少了低危患者不必要的医疗资源浪费,最终使有限的医疗资源更高效地用于ACS的救治,从而改善患者预后。近年来,全国各地先后成立了多家胸痛中心,但多数不是以急诊科为主导,急诊科作为ACS救治的重要单元,参与度严重不足。<span style="font-size: 9pt;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: bold;">4.<!--[endif]-->突出中国特色。</span>中国幅员辽阔,不同地区医疗水平存在显著差异,对于急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(ST elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者,强调尽可能的缩短首次医疗接触(first medical contact,FMC)到再灌注治疗的时间,如果不能在90分钟内实现经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI),或到达无PCI条件的医疗机构,建议积极静脉溶栓,并对溶栓后患者实施科学合理的转运机制,打造“区域协同救治网络”。<span style="font-size: 9pt;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">此外,加强胸痛相关知识的宣教,最大可能缩短疾病发生到就诊的时间,对保证“时间窗”有重要意义。同时,积极提倡静脉溶栓与PCI治疗的有机结合,尤其是针对部分基层医院。有些大的医疗中心,由于种种原因,直接PCI延迟时间较长,也要提倡早期实施静脉溶栓、PCI与冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass graft,CABG)等治疗的有机结合,给心肌一个早期再灌注的机会,为进一步治疗赢得时间。<span style="font-size: 9pt;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">该实践指南汇集了国内外最新ACS的相关指南以及相关循证医学研究,在病理生理学基础上形成国内急诊医学等学科专家集体智慧的结晶。指南以流程图说明ACS处理过程中所需的各个步骤及先后顺序,结构严谨,阐述详细,是一部有价值的实用性强的临床实践指南。</p>拓展指南:<strong>与<font color=red>急性冠脉综合征</font>相关指南:</strong><br><ul><li><a href="//www.sandwebs.com/guideline/show_article.do?id=a31671c0012e68ce" title="2015 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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129574, encodeId=723f1295e4bf, content=不错,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=557c1950561, createdName=蓝山咖啡, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 14:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123141, encodeId=bbcd1231416f, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 21:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=121940, encodeId=2f6912194058, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 06:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=121939, encodeId=bc7012193953, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 06:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 蓝山咖啡

    不错,学习了

    0

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    2016-09-11 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129574, encodeId=723f1295e4bf, content=不错,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=557c1950561, createdName=蓝山咖啡, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 14:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123141, encodeId=bbcd1231416f, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 21:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=121940, encodeId=2f6912194058, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 06:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=121939, encodeId=bc7012193953, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 06:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-11 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129574, encodeId=723f1295e4bf, content=不错,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=127, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=557c1950561, createdName=蓝山咖啡, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 14:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123141, encodeId=bbcd1231416f, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 21:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=121940, encodeId=2f6912194058, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 06:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=121939, encodeId=bc7012193953, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sun Sep 11 06:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-11 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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