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Stem Cells:新研究揭示治疗性干细胞离开血管的新机制

2016-06-30 生物谷 生物谷

来自北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员发现干细胞疗法中起治疗作用的干细胞离开血液的方式与大家之前的认识有所不同。研究人员将这一过程称为angiopellosis,对该过程的认知不仅有助于提高我们对干细胞疗法的理解,还对理解癌症转移过程有所帮助。白细胞需要经过白细胞渗出过程(diapedesis)离开血流到达感染部位,在白细胞渗出过程中,白细胞会改变自身形状穿过血管壁。白细胞渗出过程已经得到了充分了解,研

来自北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员发现干细胞疗法中起治疗作用的干细胞离开血液的方式与大家之前的认识有所不同。研究人员将这一过程称为angiopellosis,对该过程的认知不仅有助于提高我们对干细胞疗法的理解,还对理解癌症转移过程有所帮助。

白细胞需要经过白细胞渗出过程(diapedesis)离开血流到达感染部位,在白细胞渗出过程中,白细胞会改变自身形状穿过血管壁。白细胞渗出过程已经得到了充分了解,研究人员认为其他类型的细胞,比如起治疗用途的干细胞甚至是具有转移能力的癌细胞都能通过类似的方式离开血流。

但是北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员却发现干细胞的离开方式有所不同。虽然干细胞也能像白细胞一样离开血流靶向组织损伤部位,但是具体方式仍了解较少。研究人员利用斑马鱼模型进行了研究,通过对斑马鱼胚胎进行基因修饰,能够实现对斑马鱼的血管进行绿色荧光标记,研究人员还向胚胎中注射了来自于人类,大鼠或者狗并且被红色荧光标记的白细胞和心脏干细胞。

通过延时三维显微成像技术,研究人员能够追踪被红色荧光标记的细胞离开血管的过程。结果表明白细胞能够通过白细胞渗出过程离开血管,而干细胞离开血管则是被血管壁上的内皮细胞驱逐出去的。内皮细胞上接触干细胞的细胞膜会紧紧贴在干细胞上,随后内皮细胞向中间挤压将干细胞推出血管。

研究人员表示:“当我们说起白细胞渗出过程,通常都是白细胞主动改变形状,而血管壁上的内皮细胞都保持被动状态,但是我们发现干细胞离开血管的过程中情况恰好相反——干细胞保持被动而内皮细胞不仅会改变自身形状包绕着干细胞,还会进一步将干细胞推出血管。我们将这一过程命名为angiopellosis,这代表了细胞离开血管的另外一种方式。”

除此之外,白细胞渗出和angiopellosis过程还存在两个显著差别:其一,angiopellosis需要几个小时的时间而非几分钟才会发生;其二,angiopellosis过程中一次性能通过不止一个细胞。

研究人员表示他们观察到成群的干细胞通过这种方式离开血管,于是他们提出其他类型细胞,比如转移性癌细胞是否也使用这种更加高效的方式离开血流,如果情况属实,可能需要找到新方法来阻止癌细胞。


原始出处:

Allen TA, Gracieux D, Talib M, Tokarz DA, Hensley MT, Cores J, Vandergriff A, Tang J, de Andrade JB, Dinh PU, Yoder JA, Cheng K.

Angiopellosis as an Alternative Mechanism of Cell Extravasation.Stem Cells. 2016 Jun 28. doi: 10.1002/stem.2451. [Epub ahead of print]


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    2017-03-11 维他命
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