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学术不端的十大类别

2016-03-04 Helen Eassom willy中国

2014年,我们发表了《Wiley针对抄袭的举措》。对于每一篇使用ScholarOne系统提交到Wiley开放获取期刊的稿件,iThenticate反抄袭软件会自动生成一份报告,这一惠及编辑和作者双方的过程,可确保开放获取的流程具有更高的学术伦理规范。 然而抄袭仍然是学术出版业的一大问题。为了解决屡见不鲜的抄袭问题,我们需要更深刻地认识抄袭的本质。 根据这个思路,iThenti

2014年,我们发表了《Wiley针对抄袭的举措》。对于每一篇使用ScholarOne系统提交到Wiley开放获取期刊的稿件,iThenticate反抄袭软件会自动生成一份报告,这一惠及编辑和作者双方的过程,可确保开放获取的流程具有更高的学术伦理规范。

然而抄袭仍然是学术出版业的一大问题。为了解决屡见不鲜的抄袭问题,我们需要更深刻地认识抄袭的本质。

根据这个思路,iThenticate对科学研究人员进行了一个调查。调查中,受访者对不同学术不端类型的常见性和严重程度进行了打分。

调查显示学术不端行为中最常见的前五种为:文字抄袭、重复性研究、二次引用、重复使用、大段剽窃。



下图给出了学术不端的十种类型,以及人们认为的常见性和严重程度。查看该调查。

学术不端行为按严重程度从低到高排列分别是:



1 二次引用:引用的内容是所引用的论文中引用他人的研究的内容,而没有从原始论文中直接引用

2 无效内容来源:引用不正确的或捏造的内容来源

3 重复使用:自我引用而不加说明,或者一次性成果反复使用

4 文字抄袭:盗用他人的词句段落进行改写,分为部分抄袭和全篇抄袭

5 重复性研究:在一个新的研究中,以相同或相近的方法,重复他人研究、实验和数据,而未予恰当标注或说明

6 一稿多投:一篇论文提交到多个刊物

7 不正当署名:删除有重大贡献的作者名字;或者未完整准确列出作者,未充分反映各个作者的贡献

8 失范合作:有合作关系的人员违反行为守则,有意或无意地使用合作出的成果内容等而不做合适的标注或声明

9 大段剽窃:大段抄袭别人的文字,而不提供适当的标注和引用说明

10 完全抄袭:把他人的稿件、研究成果等直接换成自己的名字发表

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    2016-03-06 老段

    晋级体制的产物

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=200, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场,就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=177, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2016-03-05 tswj126

    引文也有学问啊

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=200, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场,就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=177, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    可能是被逼

    0

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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    无可奈何

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=200, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场,就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=177, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    有市场,就有

    0

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干细胞研究屡现学术不端 学术明星连演丑闻大片

诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主山中伸弥再次走到聚光灯下。只是,这位研究干细胞的日本科学家面对的不是荣耀,而是学术不端行为的指责。 在他2000年发表的一篇论文中,有一处图片被发现有捏造数据的嫌疑。山中伸弥否认捏造数据,但能够证明清白的原始数据已经丢失。 尽管他所在的京都大学组成的调查组判定论文结论没有问题,但这位处在风口浪尖的学术明星还是选择了公开道歉。在新闻发布会现场,他深深地鞠躬:“最近发生的一

盘点2015年学术不端事件

学术不端行为已经成为一个世界性问题,不仅违背了科学精神,也影响了科学的信誉度。本文盘点了2015年至今部分被曝光的学术不端行为,以警读者。 2015年3月24日,据Retratchion Watch消息,PNAS发布声明撤销美国德州大学奥斯汀分校研究人员一篇关于EB病毒的论文。论文发表仅两个月。撤销原因是论文数据涉嫌造假,论文通讯作者并不能提供原始的实验数据来证明论文中数据的准确性。

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