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AHA/ASA发布2015自发性ICH指南

2015-06-10 佚名 环球医学资讯

美国心脏病协会/美国卒中协会(AHA/ASA)发布了关于自发性脑出血(ICH)诊断和治疗的最新指南。指南在线发表在5月29日《Stroke》杂志上。这份30页的文件提出了全面的急性ICH患者护理的循证指南,包括诊断、凝血障碍和血压管理、继发性脑损伤预防和颅内血压控制、手术作用、预后的预测、康复、二级预防及对未来的思考。I类推荐如下:急诊诊断和评估•进行基线严重性评分,作为ICH患者初始评估的一部分

美国心脏病协会/美国卒中协会(AHA/ASA)发布了关于自发性脑出血(ICH)诊断和治疗的最新指南。指南在线发表在5月29日《Stroke》杂志上。

这份30页的文件提出了全面的急性ICH患者护理的循证指南,包括诊断、凝血障碍和血压管理、继发性脑损伤预防和颅内血压控制、手术作用、预后的预测、康复、二级预防及对未来的思考。

I类推荐如下:

急诊诊断和评估

•进行基线严重性评分,作为ICH患者初始评估的一部分(I类;B级证据;新推荐)。

•快速CT或MRI神经影像学检查,分辨缺血性卒中和ICH(I类;A级证据;与先前指南相同)。

止血和凝血、抗血小板药物和深静脉血栓形成

•严重凝血因子缺陷或严重血小板减少症患者应接受适当的因子替代治疗或血小板(I类;C级证据,与先前指南相同)。

•由于维生素K拮抗剂(VKAs)导致国际标准化比率(INR)升高的ICH患者,应停止使用VKA,接受治疗以替代维生素K依赖因子和纠正INR,接受静脉注射维生素K(I类;C级证据;与先前指南相同)。

•ICH 患者自住院之日起,应进行间歇气压疗法以预防静脉血栓栓塞(I类;A级证据;对先前指南进行修订)。

血压

•对于收缩压在150~220 mmHg之间、无急性BP治疗禁忌症的ICH患者,SBP急降至140 mmHg是安全的(I类;A级证据),并对改善功能性结局有效(IIa类;B级证据;对先前指南进行修订)。

一般监测和护理

•ICH患者最初的监测和管理应在重症监护室或有医师和神经学急性护理专长护士的专用卒中单元进行(I类;B级证据;对先前指南进行修订)。

血糖管理

•应监测血糖。应避免高血糖和低血糖(I类;C级证据;对先前指南进行修订)。

癫痫和抗癫痫药物

•临床癫痫应使用抗癫痫药物进行治疗(I类;A级证据;与先前指南相同)。

•精神状态改变、脑电图发现电生理记录癫痫的患者应进行抗癫痫药物治疗(I类;C级证据;与先前指南相同)。

ICH并发症手术治疗的管理

•所有患者在开始经口进食前都应进行正式的吞咽困难筛查操作,以降低肺炎风险(I类;B级证据;新推荐)。

•神经恶化或心室梗阻导致脑干压迫和/或脑积水的小脑出血患者,应尽快进行手术清除出血(I类;B级证据;与先前指南相同)。

复发性ICH的预防

•所有ICH患者应控制BP(I类;A级证据;对先前指南进行修订);ICH发病后立即开始控制BP的措施(I类;A级证据;新推荐)。

康复和恢复

•由于潜在的严重性、残疾进展的复杂模式,且有效性证据增加,推荐所有ICH患者接受多学科康复(I类;A级证据;对先前指南进行修订)。

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    2015-10-29 lvygwyt2781
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    2015-06-12 zhaohui6731
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    2015-06-12 diushouji
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    2015-06-12 sodoo

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