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Genome Med:一对儿同卵双胞胎,怎么你有关节炎我没有?

2019-02-11 BMC 中国 BMC期刊

同卵双胞胎拥有相同基因组,是用于研究表观遗传修饰作用(在不改变DNA序列本身的情况下改变控制基因表达的DNA)的理想对象。近期发表在Genome Medicine的一篇文章研究了79对同卵双胞胎,每对双胞胎中有一人患有类风湿关节炎,另一人没有患此类疾病,该研究旨在探究可能与类风湿关节炎有关的表观遗传学因素。

同卵双胞胎拥有相同基因组,是用于研究表观遗传修饰作用(在不改变DNA序列本身的情况下改变控制基因表达的DNA)的理想对象。近期发表在Genome Medicine的一篇文章研究了79对同卵双胞胎,每对双胞胎中有一人患有类风湿关节炎,另一人没有患此类疾病,该研究旨在探究可能与类风湿关节炎有关的表观遗传学因素。

类风湿关节炎是一种常见且复杂的自身免疫性疾病,严重影响患者的生活质量。目前已知许多因素可以影响该疾病的发生与发展,其中包括基因和环境因素,例如吸烟等。

近年的研究已经鉴定出100多个与类风湿关节炎发病相关的基因变异(即单核苷酸多态性),然而这些基因仍只能解释少部分发病原因。

同卵双胞胎(拥有相同基因组)中只有一人患类风湿关节炎的概率相对较高,这表明环境因素可能对病因有较大影响。环境因素的一个作用途径是通过对DNA进行表观遗传修饰。

表观遗传修饰控制特定细胞或组织中的基因表达,对调控组织发育和决定细胞分化方向具有重要作用。DNA中的表观遗传标记可以被很多因素改变,例如饮食、运动和吸烟等环境因素。虽然很多表观遗传的改变是人类发育和衰老过程中的正常现象,但表观遗传也会被疾病扰乱。

为了研究类风湿关节炎患者的表观遗传是否受到了影响,我们比较了患者和健康人中一种特定形式的表观遗传修饰,即DNA甲基化。我们研究了79对同卵双胞胎的表观基因组,每对双胞胎中有一人患有类风湿关节炎,另一人未患此类疾病。

基础的DNA序列会影响表观遗传的模式,因此同卵双胞胎是表观遗传研究的理想模型。研究同卵双胞胎可以更清楚地发现DNA甲基化的差别,同时确定这些差别并非由DNA序列的差异所引起。从本质上讲,同卵双胞胎拥有相同的基因组,但他们的表观基因组却不同。

在本研究中,我们发现类风湿关节炎患者的DNA甲基化在1,171个位点更容易产生变化,也就是说,在这些位点处,DNA甲基化的可预测性和稳定性低于双胞胎中的健康者。这可能是表观遗传被扰乱并导致类风湿关节炎的表现,也可能是由于长期患类风湿关节炎而产生了表观遗传被扰乱的结果。

有意思的是,我们发现这些发生DNA甲基化的基因参与了细胞应激分子通路。导致细胞应激的因素有很多种,包括暴露在某些环境中,例如吸烟。我们认为DNA甲基化的变化有可能改变了免疫细胞的应激反应,使它们变得更敏感,从而增强免疫活动,最终导致疾病的发展。

我们发现类风湿和1型糖尿病中表观遗传的改变有所重叠。这表示,可能有某种共同的因素影响了表观基因组并导致这两种自身免疫性疾病的发生。

这些发现可能有助于在未来诊治类风湿关节炎,甚至从根本上预防此类疾病的发生。

原始出处:
Amy P. Webster, Darren Plant, Simone Ecker, et al. Increased DNA methylation variability in rheumatoid arthritis-discordant monozygotic twins. Genome Medicine. Sep 2018.

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    2019-02-13 lmm397
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