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Cell Death & Diff:炎症小体在上皮细胞凋亡中的作用

2016-07-13 佚名 生物谷

NLRP3是一类天然免疫的信号识别分子,它同时是天然免疫细胞中炎症小体的组成成分。病原体的感染以及自身组织的损伤都能够引起NLRP3的激活,激活后的NLRP3进一步引发ASC与caspase-1的结合并形成炎症小体。越来越多的研究表明NLRP3炎症小体能够激活caspase-8或者caspase-11。Caspase-8是细胞凋亡信号通路的关键分子,细胞表面死亡受体TNFR1或CD95的激活会引发

NLRP3是一类天然免疫的信号识别分子,它同时是天然免疫细胞中炎症小体的组成成分。病原体的感染以及自身组织的损伤都能够引起NLRP3的激活,激活后的NLRP3进一步引发ASC与caspase-1的结合并形成炎症小体。越来越多的研究表明NLRP3炎症小体能够激活caspase-8或者caspase-11。

Caspase-8是细胞凋亡信号通路的关键分子,细胞表面死亡受体TNFR1或CD95的激活会引发caspase-8的激活与切割并进而引发caspase-3的切割,而这一过程会受到XIAP以及cFLIP蛋白的负向调控。
 
在DC中,DCETIN-1受体引发的NLRP3、AIM2以及NLRC4炎症小体也能够激活caspase-8,这一效应能够进一步调节IL-1b的成熟。然而,在缺失caspase-1/-11的巨噬细胞中,caspase-8也能够受到上游AIM2或NLRP3炎症小体的影响调节细胞凋亡。不过,NLRP3、ASC以及caspase-8在炎症小体激活受阻的情况下对细胞凋亡的影响目前仍不清楚。
 
上皮细胞对于组织的稳态调节,宿主的防御反应,免疫调节以及再生过程具有重要的作用。在肾脏中,管状上皮细胞的凋亡是造成管状细胞萎缩以及小管间质性纤维化的主要原因。此外,肾脏与肠道的上皮细胞对于调节微生物菌群的稳态也具有一定的影响。此前研究表明:在肾脏上皮细胞损伤的过程中,NLRP3发生了明显的活化,而这一效应与炎症小体的激活并没有关系。在肠道中,NLRP3的非典型激活能够调节上皮细胞中IL-18的成熟以及抵抗沙门氏菌感染。然而,除此之外,我们对于NLRP3以及其它相关炎症小体的基因在调节上皮细胞活动中的作用了解的还有限。
 
针对这一问题,来自加拿大卡里加里大学的DA Muruve课题组进行了深入研究,相关结果发表在最近一期的《Cell death & differentiation》杂志上。
 
首先,作者分离了小鼠肾脏管状上皮细胞并进行了TNF-a刺激,诱导其发生外源性的细胞凋亡。通过比较野生型与NLRP3缺失突变体细胞的表型,作者发现NLRP3对于外源性的细胞凋亡以及caspase-8的激活具有一定的作用。
 
之后,作者希望了解NLRP3炎症小体在上皮细胞凋亡过程中的作用。通过比较野生型与各类炎症小体组成蛋白缺失突变的细胞在细胞凋亡以及caspase-8激活中的表型差异,作者发现caspase-1/11并不参与这一过程,相反地,ASC、NLRP3以及caspase-8共同参与调节了表皮细胞的外源性细胞凋亡。此外,成像结果也表明在受到外源性细胞凋亡刺激时,NLRP3、ASC以及casapse-8会聚集形成复合体,这一复合体主要存在于线粒体附近,与经典的炎症小体十分类似。
 
最后,作者对小鼠进行了肾脏表皮损伤的处理,通过比较,作者发现NLRP3缺失突变的小鼠相比野生型小鼠表皮细胞凋亡的比例显著下降,这一结果也验证了此前体外实验得出的结论。

原始出处

H Chung, A Vilaysane, A Lau, M Stahl, V Morampudi, A Bondzi-Simpson, J M Platnich, N A Bracey, M-C French, P L Beck1, J Chun, B A Vallance and D A Muruve.NLRP3 regulates a non-canonical platform for caspase-8 activation during epithelial cell apoptosis.Cell Death & Diff.2016

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