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蛋白尿阴性的糖尿病CKD患者的视网膜、肾脏及心血管长期预后

2012-04-10 范振光 肾脏病与透析肾移植

文献标题:Long-term retinal, renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic chronic kidney disease without proteinuria. 文献出处:Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Jan;27(1):310-7. 期刊影响因子:3.564     此研

文献标题:Long-term retinal, renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic chronic kidney disease without proteinuria. 文献出处:Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Jan;27(1):310-7. 期刊影响因子:3.564
    此研究先通过一项横断面调查比较了蛋白尿阴性和阳性的DM + CKD患者之间的不同特点,然后进行随访,观察随后十多年来这些患者的心血管疾病,肾和视网膜的预后情况。

    先根据存在(n = 129)或不存在(n = 284)DM进行分层,各阶层有三组,即:无CKD组,CKD不合并蛋白尿组,CKD合并蛋白尿组。DM + CKD但无蛋白尿组与DM + CKD+蛋白尿组有着类似的临床特征,包括估计肾小球滤过率,但前者的24小时动态收缩压和舒张压低于后者。DM(-)组CKD(-),蛋白尿阴性的CKD患者,显著蛋白尿的CKD患者的全因死亡率分别为29.3,68.5和111.1 /1000患者年;而此数据在DM(+)组中分别为50.1,105.7和136.8 /1000患者年。在进行了多变量校正后,糖尿病仍有增加冠心病事件(P = 0.01)和终末期肾脏疾病(P = 0.05)的风险。 蛋白尿能够加重心血管事件,终末期肾病,死亡事件的风险,且使上述事件发生时间提前,这在有无糖尿病患者之间无显著差异。对于蛋白尿阴性的CKD患者, DM者发展成为显性蛋白尿的风险要高于非DM者[调整后的危险比5.28,95%可信区间为(1.64-17.02),P<0.01]。 CKD是视网膜病变的危险因素;蛋白尿是糖尿病视网膜病变的危险因素。

    所以,为了保护视力,蛋白尿(+)患者和糖尿病患者需要定期做视网膜检查。 由于无蛋白尿糖尿病CKD患者更可能发展显性蛋白尿,所以对他们进行密切随访,控制危险因素,显得格外重要。

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