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科学家发现动物干细胞存在“阴阳”转换

2016-08-16 佚名 DeepTech深科技

扁虫类。图片来源: MANUEL IRIMIA, CRG.一份来自巴塞罗那基因组调控中心(Centre for Genomic Regulation)的研究报告表示,一对能使得细胞呈现不同基因形态的分子开关或对培养动物干细胞十分关键。这里的所谓的动物,几乎横跨整个生物圈,包括从低等的扁虫到人类。详细论文的形式已于2016年8月9日发表在《eLife》期刊上。扁虫(也被称为涡虫)有着神奇的自我再生能

扁虫类。图片来源: MANUEL IRIMIA, CRG.

一份来自巴塞罗那基因组调控中心(Centre for Genomic Regulation)的研究报告表示,一对能使得细胞呈现不同基因形态的分子开关或对培养动物干细胞十分关键。这里的所谓的动物,几乎横跨整个生物圈,包括从低等的扁虫到人类。详细论文的形式已于2016年8月9日发表在《eLife》期刊上。

扁虫(也被称为涡虫)有着神奇的自我再生能力,能在几天之内复原身体上任何部位的损伤。正因如此,基因调控中心研究小组的带头人曼努埃尔·伊里米亚(Manuel Irimia)选取了这种神奇的动物,作为研究干细胞基因的对象。

研究人员发现这些干细胞将基因的一些特定位置进行“混搭”——这一过程也被称为“选择性剪接”(Alternative Splicing)。而在对那些已经分化的扁虫细胞的研究中也发现了不一样的“基因混搭”——它们的基因经过了了不同的选择性剪切。

于是研究团队开始了更深入的研究,他们发现影响细胞进行不同选择性剪接的因子是两个分子群:CELF和MBNL。它们俩的关系就像“一阴一阳”:CEFL分子能将基因的形态转变为能自我再生的干细胞,而MBNL分子则能引导细胞进行分化。

而伊里米亚之前的研究也提供了佐证,MBNL蛋白质分子以及基因选择性剪接,对于人类和老鼠胚胎干细胞分化过程十分重要。

其实,科学家早就已经发现了对获取哺乳动物胚胎干细胞意义重大的蛋白质分子——“转录因子”。但是,转录因子并不适用于无脊椎动物的干细胞培养。无脊椎动物早在6亿年前从哺乳动物的祖先中分化出来,这也意味着在进化史上,它们是“小鲜肉”。

面对如此惊艳的研究结论,伊里米亚总结道:“我们在多个物种中都发现了这样的基因选择性剪切机制。这样的结果表明这种机制可能是一种十分古老的生物机制,也许和转录因子一样,在干细胞的分化过程中也有着同等的重要意义。”

研究团队希望接下来的工作中,能进一步理解基因选择性剪切的‘阴阳’转换机制,这将能有效改善培养干细胞和分化干细胞的科学方法,也能在再生医学(Regenerative Medicine)中得到大量应用。

该研究的其他的参与者还包括:来自德国亥姆霍兹国家研究中心联合会(the Helmholtz Association)所属的麦克斯·德尔布吕克分子医学中心(the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine)的霍尔迪·索拉纳(Jordi Solana)、尼古拉斯·雷吉斯基(Nikolaus Rajewsky)以及来自分子医学中心和加拿大多伦多大学(the University of Toronto)的其他研究者。

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    2016-08-19 136****0753赵

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-08-17 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!

    0

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    2016-08-17 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!

    0

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    2016-08-17 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!

    0

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    2016-08-17 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习!

    0

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    2016-08-17 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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本文亮点: 该研究找到了将人类多能干细胞(hPSC)直接诱导为GABA能神经元(iGN)的遗传因子 iGN表达端脑中间神经元标记物和亚型标记物SST iGN能够在体外实现功能上的成熟,释放GABA,并在体外形成突触网络 iGN可以在体内整合到宿主的突触回路中 近日,来自新加坡国立大学的研究人员在国际学术期刊Cell Report

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