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科学家发现登革病毒从宿主传播到蚊虫的机制

2016-07-29 程功等 《自然—微生物》

在国

在国家自然科学基金项目(项目批准号:81301412,81422028,81571975)等资助下,清华大学医学院程功研究员团队首次发现了登革病毒非结构蛋白NS1在病毒“宿主—蚊”传播循环过程中的重要作用,阐明了NS1蛋白促进病毒感染蚊虫的分子机制,回答了“登革病毒如何从宿主传播到蚊虫”这一重要科学问题。研究成果于近日在Nature Microbiology (《自然—微生物》)上以长文(Article)形式在线发表。这项成果为研发新型双效疫苗提供了新策略,为登革热等蚊媒传染病的防控提供了重要手段。

蚊媒传染病是通过蚊媒叮咬传播给人类及动物宿主的一类疾病。近年来,多种蚊媒黄病毒传染病,包括登革热、乙型脑炎、寨卡热等,对人类健康造成了严重威胁。蚊媒病毒感染及传播的机制研究备受关注。自然界中,蚊媒病毒在“人/动物宿主—蚊”之间传播循环,蚊虫通过吸血过程从感染宿主的血液中吸取病毒并获得感染;再次叮咬将病毒传播给新的宿主。病毒在“宿主—蚊”生命周期的循环是长期困扰科学界的重要难题。科学家之前的研究发现,登革病毒感染人体后,病毒的非结构蛋白NS1可从感染细胞中大量分泌,并存在于患者的血清中。蚊虫在叮咬病毒血症期的患者后,能够将NS1蛋白与病毒同时吸入蚊虫体内。

程功研究员课题组利用体外系统及动物感染模型,率先发现NS1蛋白随病毒一起吸入蚊子体内后,通过抑制蚊子肠道免疫系统,促进病毒尽快跨越蚊子的中肠屏障,完成对蚊体的感染。将优化改造后的NS1蛋白作为抗原免疫AG6小鼠模型后,可显著降低感染小鼠的出血及死亡率;同时,免疫NS1蛋白可降低蚊虫的感染率,起到抑制蚊虫带毒和动物感染的双效作用。该双效疫苗策略可在阻抑人体出现登革热的同时,阻断登革病毒通过蚊子在自然界的传播,是一个全新的疫苗设计思路。(来源:中国科学报 甘晓)

在蚊虫获取病毒过程中,宿主血液中分泌的NS1蛋白与病毒同时进入蚊子的中肠,NS1蛋白可通过抑制蚊虫中肠免疫系统来辅助病毒感染蚊虫。

原始出处

Jianying Liu, Yang Liu, Kaixiao Nie, Senyan Du, Jingjun Qiu, Xiaojing Pang, Penghua Wang & Gong Cheng.Flavivirus NS1 protein in infected host sera enhances viral acquisition by mosquitoes.Nature Microbiology .2016

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    2016-10-08 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很棒,继续学习

    0

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    2016-07-31 wincls
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