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Nat Neurosci:复旦学者发现灵长类大脑发育规律 或助治疗癫痫

2013-10-14 佚名 中国新闻网

复旦大学14日披露,该校脑科学研究院、医学神经生物学国家重点实验室教授杨振纲率领课题组,经3年多攻关,在大脑皮质发育研究方面取得新进展。 研究人员发现,同为灵长类的人类和猕猴的“大脑皮质的抑制性神经元”均起源于胚胎时期的基底神经节隆起部位,而不是科学界长期以来所认为的来源于大脑皮质本身。该成果可能为治疗癫痫和自闭症等类似脑疾病提供新思路和新手段。目前该研究已在线发表在

复旦大学14日披露,该校脑科学研究院、医学神经生物学国家重点实验室教授杨振纲率领课题组,经3年多攻关,在大脑皮质发育研究方面取得新进展。

研究人员发现,同为灵长类的人类和猕猴的“大脑皮质的抑制性神经元”均起源于胚胎时期的基底神经节隆起部位,而不是科学界长期以来所认为的来源于大脑皮质本身。该成果可能为治疗癫痫和自闭症等类似脑疾病提供新思路和新手段。目前该研究已在线发表在国际知名学术刊物《自然神经科学》(Nature Neuroscience)杂志上。据悉,目前该课题组已在小鼠癫痫模型尝试移植抑致性神经细胞,并取得一定的疗效。相关深入研究工作正在进行中。

神经元也称作神经细胞,由上百亿的神经元组成的大脑是人类最复杂的器官,早期的研究发现大脑皮质(即大脑表层)主要由两类神经细胞构成,一类是兴奋性神经细胞,一类是抑制性神经细胞。其中兴奋性神经细胞占80%,抑制性神经细胞占20%。

在正常情况下,这两类细胞会互相自我调控,使大脑处于一种兴奋和抑制的动态平衡,一旦这一平衡被打破,就可能导致大脑疾病的发生,譬如抑制性神经细胞发育异常或减少等,就会导致大脑内某一脑区过度兴奋而诱发癫痫。据知,约40%的自闭症儿童常伴有癫痫。 点击进入下一页点击进入下一页

据介绍,长期以来,在大脑发育研究领域,一直困扰科学界的问题就是不清楚灵长类大脑皮质的抑制性神经细胞究竟源于何处。因而科学界认为,大脑皮质本身可以产生抑致性神经细胞。但杨振纲课题组的最新研究成果却显示:大脑皮质本身几乎不产生抑致性神经细胞。

据了解,为搞清楚“来源”难题,杨振纲课题组通过观察灵长类胚胎和成年大脑内多种转录因子的表达模式,结合脑片离体培养和实时影像观测等,终于发现大脑皮质抑制性神经元起源于胚胎时期的基底神经节隆起部位。

但是该部位远离大脑皮质,抑制性神经细胞是怎么过来的呢?该课题组发现,原来抑致性神经细胞具有远距离迁移的能力,它们通过“长途跋涉”抵达大脑皮质,最终定居下来,并与兴奋性神经细胞整合后形成神经环路,神经环路“运转”平稳与否,是大脑发挥正常功能的重要基础,也正是这一环路最终起到了维持大脑皮质兴奋和抑制的动态平衡。

学界人士指出,杨振纲课题组揭示的“来源学说”的重要意义在于,使以后的相关研究可以从此类细胞的起源出发地(即胚胎时期的基底神经节隆起部位)获取到产生此类细胞的神经干细胞后进行移植。这也就是说,如果把抑致性神经细胞移植到癫痫病灶区,由于此类细胞具有远距离迁移能力,并能够于大脑皮质兴奋性神经细胞形成环路,从而可以对兴奋性神经细胞进行有效的“抑制”,达到缓解癫痫、帕金森等脑部疾病症状的目的。


原文检索:

Ma T, Wang C, Wang L, Zhou X, Tian M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li J, Liu Z, Cai Y, Liu F, You Y, Chen C, Campbell K, Song H, Ma L, Rubenstein JL, Yang Z.Subcortical origins of human and monkey neocortical interneurons.Nat Neurosci. 2013 Oct 6. doi: 10.1038/nn.3536.


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    2014-02-26 lg.zhao
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    2013-10-21 liye789132251
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    2013-10-16 neurowu
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    2013-10-16 lsndxfj
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    2013-10-16 saikp

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