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CSMO 2014:王景文教授谈造血干细胞移植在治疗鼻型结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的地位

2014-07-10 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院血液科 丛佳 王景文 医学论坛网

鼻型结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type ENKTL)是一种侵袭性淋巴瘤,预后较差,虽然对放疗比较敏感,既往5年生存率仅有30%~40%。但是近些年来,随着以门冬酰胺酶为主的化疗方案的应用,国内外ENKTL的预后有了明显改善,3年生存率提高到70%~80%,。LDH水平、有无B症

鼻型结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type ENKTL)是一种侵袭性淋巴瘤,预后较差,虽然对放疗比较敏感,既往5年生存率仅有30%~40%。但是近些年来,随着以门冬酰胺酶为主的化疗方案的应用,国内外ENKTL的预后有了明显改善,3年生存率提高到70%~80%,。LDH水平、有无B症状、体能状态、淋巴结有无受累、分期、EBV-DNA拷贝数、Ki-67指数、有无骨骼受累以及淋巴细胞的数目等均有预后提示作用,部分低危患者可获得长期存活。然而,作为一种异质性较强的肿瘤,仍有一部分患者通过常规的化疗、放疗仍难以取得满意疗效,此时干细胞">造血干细胞移植(HSCT)成为改善患者预后的有效手段。

由于ENKTL即便在亚洲与拉丁美洲也不多见,所以目前关于HSCT方面的研究都为回顾性研究,而且多数没有对照,入组标准、移植前处理、移植流程也不一致,结果各异。 在7月4日的第八届中国肿瘤内科大会上,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院血液科的王景文教授介绍了目前HSCT治疗ENKTL的研究进展。

自体造血干细胞移植


自体造血干细胞移植(AHSCT)的先决条件是骨髓没有受累。单纯从骨髓病理判断可能会检测不到微小的骨髓受累,CD56免疫组化染色对判断是否受累有帮助,但骨髓受累时可以出现CD56抗原丢失。EBER的检测灵敏度更高,因此ENKTL的骨髓标本都应该进行EBER原位杂交检测。只有EBER阴性的患者才能进行AHSCT。

目前的相关的研究不多,且均为回顾性小样本研究,但仍然能找到目前AHSCT在ENKTL中的地位。对于早期低危的患者,联合放化疗能够取得与AHSCT相媲美的疗效,所以AHSCT用于治疗这部分患者的指证不强。而移植前如果没有取得CR,AHSCT的疗效又不尽如人意。但对于取得CR的患者,不管是CR1还是CR2,AHSCT相比于联合放化疗均有生存优势,对于高危的患者(NKIPI≥2分,EBV-DNA拷贝数高等),AHSCT相比联合放化疗也显示出一定的优势。因此,目前AHSCT主要用于治疗取得CR1的高危患者,或者取得CR2的患者。当然由于新药(比如培门冬酶)以及新的化疗方案(比如SMILE)的出现与应用,AHSCT是否优于这些新的治疗手段,还有待于设计完好的临床试验来验证。

异基因造血干细胞移植

目前的研究有限,没有很强的证据推荐allo-HSCT作为ENKTL的一线治疗。但对于播散期或者鼻外型、或者NK细胞白血病患者来说,常规放化疗的疗效通常比较差,这时候如果有合适的供者,allo-HSCT是值得考虑的有效治疗手段,尽管目前的研究对于是否需要采取清髓性预处理,同自体干细胞移植相比是否有优势并没有得出结论。而不同来源的造血干细胞,如脐血、骨髓、外周血,对疗效的影响同样需要进一步的研究确认。

造血干移植治疗的副作用

HSCT对患者的影响主要来自于预处理的并发症以及移植后GVHD的出现。目前不管自体还是异基因造血干细胞移植的预处理方案,并没有一个明确的标准,包括TBI在内的各种预处理方案都可采用。因此,各种预处理的并发症都可能出现,包括干眼症、白内障、甲状腺功能异常、生育功能障碍、肺损伤、黏膜炎、心脏毒性、VOD、继发肿瘤等。GVHD主要发生于allo-HSCT后,与其他肿瘤allo-HSCT后的GVHD并无明显不同,急慢性GVHD均可出现,包括皮肤、口腔、胃肠道、眼、肝脏、肺、关节、生殖道等部位均可受累。由于多数患者在HSCT前已经接受放疗治疗,因此由于放疗和GVHD的叠加作用,多数患者的粘膜损伤更为突出。此外由于不少ENKTL患者年龄较轻,HSCT对于生育的影响也值得注意;对于年轻、有生育要求的患者,HSCT对于生育系统的影响必须考虑在内。

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    2014-07-12 俅侠

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