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JTACS:单独CT检查可确诊颈椎及其韧带损伤

2014-11-11 小小老虎 丁香园

颈椎损伤通常是由于钝性损伤所造成,如果不能及时确诊颈椎不稳定骨折和/或韧带损伤,往往会造成不可逆的神经脊髓损伤。美国NEXUS曾经认为临床体检足以排除颈椎损伤。 但是既往研究也发现按照该协会的方法会漏诊严重的损伤。加拿大颈椎脊柱Canadian Cervical Spine Rule在评估是否需要进行影像学检查时纳入受伤机制,在发现颈椎损伤方面更为敏感,但并不具有特异性。对于颈椎韧带损伤

颈椎损伤通常是由于钝性损伤所造成,如果不能及时确诊颈椎不稳定骨折和/或韧带损伤,往往会造成不可逆的神经脊髓损伤。美国NEXUS曾经认为临床体检足以排除颈椎损伤。

但是既往研究也发现按照该协会的方法会漏诊严重的损伤。加拿大颈椎脊柱Canadian Cervical Spine Rule在评估是否需要进行影像学检查时纳入受伤机制,在发现颈椎损伤方面更为敏感,但并不具有特异性。对于颈椎韧带损伤,MRI是最敏感的检查工具,但并不是所有的韧带损伤均存在临床症状,而且不是所有的医院均配置有MRI机器。

美国肯塔基州的学者Poornima Vanguri进行的一项研究,结果表明颈椎CT是确诊和排除颈椎及其韧带损伤的优良工具,如果CT检查正常,则没有必要进行进一步的影像学检查,可以尽早去除颈托。其研究结果发表在2014年10月的Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery杂志上。

作者回顾性研究2008年1月至2012年12月之间成年钝性受伤患者。了解患者的生命体征(Glasgow昏迷评分),明显的解剖部位损伤、损伤机制等情况。对所有患者使用2mm层厚的CT扫描,扫描部位从头颅直至第三胸椎。相邻韧带或椎体结构之间的间隙增宽、椎前血肿或水肿、椎体对位异常的情况被认定为存在颈椎韧带损伤。

共有5676例患者被纳入研究,按照创伤诊治流程进行了颈椎CT检查,平均年龄39岁(范围18-103岁),平均GCS评分为15(3-15),平均创伤严重程度评分为5(1-75),平均住院时间为2天(1-175天),死亡率为2.6%。颈椎损伤的发病率为7.4%(420/5676),其中颈椎骨折和韧带损伤的发病率分别为7.2%(409/5676)和0.92%(52/5676)。52例颈椎韧带损伤的患者中有20例(38.4%)是由CT检查怀疑并最终确诊的,这20例韧带损伤患者中又有10例患者仅仅为单纯韧带损伤而未合并颈椎骨折。而CT未能发现的颈椎韧带损伤的其他32例患者均存在合并颈椎骨折,通过颈椎MRI或CT血管造影检查而确诊韧带损伤。

因此作者认为:颈椎CT检查对于确诊和排除颈椎损伤方面具有100%的敏感性和特异性,如果CT检查正常未发现颈椎或韧带损伤,则没有必要进行进一步的影像学检查,可以及早去除颈托。

原始出处:

Vanguri P1, Young AJ, Weber WF, Katzen J, Han J, Wolfe LG, Duane TM.Computed tomographic scan: It's not just about the fracture.J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014 Oct;77(4):604-7. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000407.

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    2015-03-06 grace5700
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    2014-11-13 yaanren
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    2014-11-13 kzlchina
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