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N Engl J Med:被诊断为癌症后自杀和心血管事件风险增加

2012-04-10 爱唯医学网 爱唯医学网

近日,国际著名医学杂志《新英格兰医学杂志》NEJM在线发表的一项大型瑞典队列研究显示,被诊断为癌症的患者在接下来数周内发生自杀和致死性心血管事件的风险明显增加,特别是那些被诊断具有不良预后癌症的患者,以及癌症不能以既往精神或心血管疾病解释的患者。 既往研究显示,癌症患者发生自杀和心血管事件的风险增加,但大部分研究将这种情况归因于进展性癌症所带来的负担,而很少有研究关注癌症诊断后的时间段。 在这

近日,国际著名医学杂志《新英格兰医学杂志》NEJM在线发表的一项大型瑞典队列研究显示,被诊断为癌症的患者在接下来数周内发生自杀和致死性心血管事件的风险明显增加,特别是那些被诊断具有不良预后癌症的患者,以及癌症不能以既往精神或心血管疾病解释的患者。

既往研究显示,癌症患者发生自杀和心血管事件的风险增加,但大部分研究将这种情况归因于进展性癌症所带来的负担,而很少有研究关注癌症诊断后的时间段。

在这项研究中,斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡医学院医学流行病学和生物统计学科的Fang Fang博士及其同事采用瑞典全国癌症登记库中有关癌症和死因的数据,对这一时间段进行了探讨。该研究的时间跨度为1991~2006年,覆盖基线时年龄≥30岁的600万以上瑞典人。

共534,154人在这一时间段首次被诊断癌症,其中前列腺癌95,786例,乳腺癌74,977例(女性),结直肠癌62,719例,皮肤癌47,169例,淋巴或造血系统癌36,648例,肺癌34,743例,中枢神经系统癌13,447例,“高度致死性食管癌、肝癌和胰腺癌”26,335例,其他癌症142,330例。

随访期间,786例罹患任何类型癌症的患者自杀死亡,发生率为0.36/1,000人-年,是瑞典无癌症成人(13,284人自杀死亡,发生率为0.18/1,000人-年)的2倍。诊断癌症后首周内的自杀死亡率最高,为2.50/1,000人-年。

诊断癌症后12周内的自杀相对风险为4.8(110例患者;发生率为0.95/1,000人-年),以高度致死性食管癌、肝癌或胰腺癌患者的自杀相对风险为最高,其次为肺癌患者。所有类型癌症患者的自杀风险程度此后迅速降低,但1年后的风险仍高于平均水平。

诊断任何癌症后52周内的自杀相对风险为3.1 (260例患者,发生率为0.60/ 1,000人-年)。校正所有人口学因素后发现,这52周内的预期自杀数量为87例,173例与癌症诊断相关。

未合并精神障碍的患者的自杀相对风险高于合并精神障碍的患者。

在致死性心血管事件方面,在被诊断任何癌症的患者中共观察到48,991例心血管死亡,发生率为23.10/1,000人-年,约为无癌症人群(543,144例死亡;发生率为7.53/1,000人-年)的3倍。

与自杀相对风险一样,心血管死亡相对风险(5.6)也是在诊断癌症后首周内最高(1,318例患者,发生率为116.8/1,000人-年),以中枢神经系统癌患者的相对风险为最高,其次为高度致死性食管癌、肝癌或胰腺癌患者,随后为肺癌患者。

同样,心血管死亡风险在诊断癌症几周后迅速降低,并且在1年后未持续存在。

诊断任何癌症(不包括中枢神经系统癌)后4周内的心血管死亡相对风险为3.3(2,641例患者,发生率为65.81/1,000人-年)。这4周内的校正后预期心血管死亡数量为766例,1,875例死亡与癌症诊断相关。

值得注意的是,在男性和女性中均观察到风险增加的情况。

为了校正未测定的混杂因素,研究者还对死于自杀或心血管原因的所有癌症患者进行了一项病例交叉分析,结果表明,所观察到的癌症诊断与自杀和心血管死亡之间的关联或可通过其他因素加以解释,比如某种导致癌症、自杀和心血管死亡的未知因素。

该研究的局限性在于仅单独探讨硬终点,因此可能未考虑到新诊断癌症患者的所有精神负担。其他潜在相关终点(如自杀未遂和重度但非致死性心血管事件)仍有待探讨。此外,该研究仅纳入年龄≥30岁的成人,因此未来尚需在儿童、青少年和年轻成人中探讨癌症诊断后的效应。重要的是,鉴于目前已发现癌症诊断后自杀和心血管死亡风险增加,因此未来研究还应致力于开发有效的预防措施。

该研究获瑞典工作生活和社会研究理事会、瑞典研究理事会、瑞典大脑基金会和瑞典医学研究协会支持。研究者声明无经济利益冲突。(生物谷Bioon.com)

doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1110307
PMC:
PMID:

Suicide and Cardiovascular Death after a Cancer Diagnosis

Fang Fang, M.D., Ph.D., Katja Fall, M.D., Ph.D., Murray A. Mittleman, M.D., Dr.P.H., Pär Sparén, Ph.D., Weimin Ye, M.D., Ph.D., Hans-Olov Adami, M.D., Ph.D., and Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Ph.D.

BACKGROUND Receiving a diagnosis of cancer is a traumatic experience that may trigger immediate adverse health consequences beyond the effects of the disease or treatment. METHODS Using Poisson and negative binomial regression models, we conducted a historical cohort study involving 6,073,240 Swedes to examine the associations between a cancer diagnosis and the immediate risk of suicide or death from cardiovascular causes from 1991 through 2006. To adjust for unmeasured confounders, we also performed a nested, self-matched case-crossover analysis among all patients with cancer who died from suicide or cardiovascular diseases in the cohort. RESULTS As compared with cancer-free persons, the relative risk of suicide among patients receiving a cancer diagnosis was 12.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.6 to 17.8) during the first week (29 patients; incidence rate, 2.50 per 1000 person-years) and 3.1 (95% CI, 2.7 to 3.5) during the first year (260 patients; incidence rate, 0.60 per 1000 person-years). The relative risk of cardiovascular death after diagnosis was 5.6 (95% CI, 5.2 to 5.9) during the first week (1318 patients; incidence rate, 116.80 per 1000 person-years) and 3.3 (95% CI, 3.1 to 3.4) during the first 4 weeks (2641 patients; incidence rate, 65.81 per 1000 person-years). The risk elevations decreased rapidly during the first year after diagnosis. Increased risk was particularly prominent for cancers with a poor prognosis. The case-crossover analysis largely confirmed results from the main analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort study, patients who had recently received a cancer diagnosis had increased risks of both suicide and death from cardiovascular causes, as compared with cancer-free persons. (Funded by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research and others.)

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    2012-11-27 haouestc
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    2012-08-27 spoonycyy
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