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Sci Transl Med:惊人发现!揭秘免疫疗法为何“无效”?

2017-05-13 陈莫伊 生物探索

5月10日,免疫疗法再次登上了Science Translational Medicine杂志的封面(论文标题:In vivo imaging reveals a tumor-associated macrophage–mediated resistance pathway in anti–PD-1 therapy)。来自麻省总医院(Massachusetts General Hospital ,

5月10日,免疫疗法再次登上了Science Translational Medicine杂志的封面(论文标题:In vivo imaging reveals a tumor-associated macrophage–mediated resistance pathway in anti–PD-1 therapy)。来自麻省总医院(Massachusetts General Hospital ,MGH)等机构的科学家们揭开了免疫疗法耐药性背后的惊人机制。

利用免疫系统对抗癌症的免疫疗法是目前最具前景的抗癌“武器”之一。其中,免疫检查点抑制剂类的药物(如PD-1/PD-L1抗体)在一些患者中取得了显着的成功,少数患者还获得了长期生存。

截至目前,美国FDA已经先后批准了5款PD-1/PD-L1抗体上市(Opdivo、Keytruda、Tecentriq、Bavencio以及Imfinzi),适应症包括黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、肾细胞癌、经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤、头颈癌、膀胱癌以及默克尔细胞癌。

如今,破解大部分患者不能响应这类革命性疗法背后的机制是很多科学家团队正在努力攻克的课题。

免疫检查点抑制剂“被抢了”!

在这项新成果中,MGH的研究小组发现,在一些小鼠癌症模型中,给药几十分钟后,设计用于阻断免疫抑制分子PD-1的抗体药物会被巨噬细胞从目标T细胞中移除。此外,研究还鉴定出了这一药物捕获(drug capture)过程背后的分子机制,这将有望帮助开发阻断这一过程的方法。

该研究的通讯作者Mikael Pittet博士说:“免疫检查点阻断剂在一些患者中非常有效,但对其他患者却束手无策。我们现在理解为什么这类疗法起效或者失败的能力相当有限。利用高分辨分子成像技术实时追踪免疫检查点药物,我们能够观察到给药后实时发生的事情。同时,基础这些发现,我们有望设计相应的方法,延长药物与作用目标结合的时间,改善治疗效果。

包括PD-1在内的免疫检查点分子表达在CD8 T细胞的表面。这类细胞是免疫系统的“杀伤细胞”,负责攻击受损或病变的细胞,包括癌细胞。免疫检查点分子的作用是抑制T细胞响应。阻断这一由检查点分子控制的抑制通路是目前检查点阻断药物的作用机制。MGH的研究小组利用活体显微镜来追踪结肠癌小鼠模型中抗PD-1药物的活性。

正如预期的一样,研究小组观察到,标记抗体在几分钟内结合到CD8 T细胞的PD-1分子上。然而,仅仅20分钟后,这些药物就被肿瘤中的巨噬细胞给“抢夺”了。科学家们还在黑色素瘤和肺癌小鼠模型中观察到了相同的过程:抗体快速结合CD8 T细胞表面的PD-1分子,随后又被巨噬细胞摄取。

巨噬细胞如何实施“掠夺”?

为了确定抗体是如何从T细胞上被移除的,研究人员首次证实,巨噬细胞既不表达PD-1分子,也不“占有”不与T细胞结合的抗体。那么,究竟是怎么回事呢?

小鼠和人类肿瘤细胞实验表明,抗体清除过程是通过Fc区域(抗体的一部分)与巨噬细胞表面Fc受体相互作用完成的。在接受抗PD-1治疗之前先经过Fc受体抑制剂处理,不仅延长了药物与CD8 T细胞结合的时间,同时,使得小鼠模型中肿瘤完全消失了。

Pittet博士说:“我们用于在活体动物中对抗PD-1药物治疗进行成像的平台很容易就能用于研究其它的检查点阻断药物。”那么,是否相似的策略能够改善免疫检查点阻断在人类患者中的治疗结果呢?可能当前用于检测检查点阻断剂联合靶向巨噬细胞药物的临床试验能够回答这个问题。

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    2017-07-25 bsmagic9140
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    2017-06-06 收获你的美

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  4. 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topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 14:25:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207093, encodeId=119a20e0932a, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KwlM29ic8TDJMJOiarryMIZZhTjXxyRT9lffSWpWWcWojnL7ibJwcOn99ayict8FJ9ICYmNh9swD6R4E/0, createdBy=196f1683049, createdName=收获你的美, createdTime=Tue Jun 06 06:49:22 CST 2017, time=2017-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203371, encodeId=87382033e112, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sun May 14 11:27:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197916, encodeId=71c819e9169d, content=是挺惊人的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sun May 14 09:12:13 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197879, encodeId=2bb519e879bc, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sun May 14 08:25:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-28 收获你的美

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  5. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sun May 14 11:27:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197916, encodeId=71c819e9169d, content=是挺惊人的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sun May 14 09:12:13 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197879, encodeId=2bb519e879bc, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sun May 14 08:25:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-15 130****4638

    免疫疗法还处于发展中。

    0

  6. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sun May 14 08:25:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sun May 14 11:27:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197916, encodeId=71c819e9169d, content=是挺惊人的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sun May 14 09:12:13 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197879, encodeId=2bb519e879bc, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sun May 14 08:25:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-14 lovetcm

    这个研究仅仅代表一部分机制,实际上其实这些当看被巨噬细胞吞噬以后还能循环利用,继续发挥重要的作用

    0

  8. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KwlM29ic8TDJMJOiarryMIZZhTjXxyRT9lffSWpWWcWojnL7ibJwcOn99ayict8FJ9ICYmNh9swD6R4E/0, createdBy=196f1683049, createdName=收获你的美, createdTime=Sun May 28 00:19:20 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198378, encodeId=389c1983e894, content=免疫疗法还处于发展中。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Mon May 15 13:09:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607513, encodeId=bc82160e5137e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon May 15 09:25:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197963, encodeId=94f219e96340, content=这个研究仅仅代表一部分机制,实际上其实这些当看被巨噬细胞吞噬以后还能循环利用,继续发挥重要的作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun May 14 12:19:28 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197951, encodeId=ae2f19e951f3, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sun May 14 11:27:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197916, encodeId=71c819e9169d, content=是挺惊人的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sun May 14 09:12:13 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197879, encodeId=2bb519e879bc, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sun May 14 08:25:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-14 dhzzm

    学习了分享了

    0

  9. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KwlM29ic8TDJMJOiarryMIZZhTjXxyRT9lffSWpWWcWojnL7ibJwcOn99ayict8FJ9ICYmNh9swD6R4E/0, createdBy=196f1683049, createdName=收获你的美, createdTime=Sun May 28 00:19:20 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198378, encodeId=389c1983e894, content=免疫疗法还处于发展中。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Mon May 15 13:09:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607513, encodeId=bc82160e5137e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon May 15 09:25:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197963, encodeId=94f219e96340, content=这个研究仅仅代表一部分机制,实际上其实这些当看被巨噬细胞吞噬以后还能循环利用,继续发挥重要的作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun May 14 12:19:28 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197951, encodeId=ae2f19e951f3, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sun May 14 11:27:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197916, encodeId=71c819e9169d, content=是挺惊人的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sun May 14 09:12:13 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197879, encodeId=2bb519e879bc, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sun May 14 08:25:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-14 smartxiuxiu

    是挺惊人的

    0

  10. 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topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 14:25:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207093, encodeId=119a20e0932a, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KwlM29ic8TDJMJOiarryMIZZhTjXxyRT9lffSWpWWcWojnL7ibJwcOn99ayict8FJ9ICYmNh9swD6R4E/0, createdBy=196f1683049, createdName=收获你的美, createdTime=Tue Jun 06 06:49:22 CST 2017, time=2017-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=203371, encodeId=87382033e112, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5KwlM29ic8TDJMJOiarryMIZZhTjXxyRT9lffSWpWWcWojnL7ibJwcOn99ayict8FJ9ICYmNh9swD6R4E/0, createdBy=196f1683049, createdName=收获你的美, createdTime=Sun May 28 00:19:20 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198378, encodeId=389c1983e894, content=免疫疗法还处于发展中。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Mon May 15 13:09:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607513, encodeId=bc82160e5137e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Mon May 15 09:25:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197963, encodeId=94f219e96340, content=这个研究仅仅代表一部分机制,实际上其实这些当看被巨噬细胞吞噬以后还能循环利用,继续发挥重要的作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun May 14 12:19:28 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197951, encodeId=ae2f19e951f3, content=学习了分享了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Sun May 14 11:27:30 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197916, encodeId=71c819e9169d, content=是挺惊人的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sun May 14 09:12:13 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=197879, encodeId=2bb519e879bc, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sun May 14 08:25:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-14 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了,很受益

    0

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【癌症转移:缺氧意想不到的危险】在许多肿瘤中占优势的低氧浓度增加了其转移到其他组织的倾向。 Heiko Hermeking教授领导的慕尼黑路德维希 - 马克西米利安大学(LMU)的研究人员已经发现了将这两种现象联系起来的分子机制。许多积极生长的肿瘤血液供应不足,这限制了肿瘤内可用的氧气浓度,这种状况称为缺氧。肿瘤缺氧具有几个显著的后果:相对缺氧部分是由于这种实体肿瘤对辐射和化疗具有相对的抵抗力,同

Nat Genet:启动子突变也会影响胰腺癌发生

在过去的十年时间里,科学家们通过对外显子进行测序在发现癌症驱动基因方面取得了显著进展。如果癌症是因基因突变累积而导致的疾病,我们就需要知道不同癌症类型中究竟存在哪些基因改变。在一项发表在国际学术期刊Nature Genetics上的研究中,来自冷泉港实验室的一支研究团队对癌细胞中除外显子之外其余98%的DNA进行了研究。他们收集了308名胰腺

Cancer:导致癌症发病率不断攀升的重要因素!

一项新的研究揭示了在美国,长期暴露于有害环境因素和癌症发病率之间的联系,特别是前列腺癌和乳腺癌,特别显示了与糟糕的环境质量有密切的联系。这一研究结果发表在美国癌症学会的同行评议杂志癌症早期在线版上,这一发现可能有助于减轻癌症的负担,因为它可以引起官员们识别需要关注的弱势群体。

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