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Nat&#160Med:人类返老还童有望实现!科学家发现大麻或能逆转人类大脑衰老

2017-05-11 生物谷 生物谷

2017年5月11日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --随着年龄增长,记忆力也会随之下降;日前,一项刊登在Nature Medicine上的研究报告中,来自波恩大学和耶路撒冷希伯来大学的研究人员通过联合研究发现,大麻能够逆转大脑的老化过程,研究者发现,利用大麻活性成分进行长期低剂量的治疗后,老年小鼠的状态能够恢复至出生两个月时的状态,这或许就为后期研究人员开发治疗痴呆症等大脑疾病的新型疗法提供

2017年5月11日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --随着年龄增长,记忆力也会随之下降;日前,一项刊登在Nature Medicine上的研究报告中,来自波恩大学和耶路撒冷希伯来大学的研究人员通过联合研究发现,大麻能够逆转大脑的老化过程,研究者发现,利用大麻活性成分进行长期低剂量的治疗后,老年小鼠的状态能够恢复至出生两个月时的状态,这或许就为后期研究人员开发治疗痴呆症等大脑疾病的新型疗法提供了新的线索和希望。

图片摘自:Volker Lannert/Uni Bonn

和机体其它器官一样,我们的大脑也会衰老,最终机体的认知能力也会随着年龄增长而降低,值得注意的是,随着年龄增长,我们很难在相同的时间里记住新事情或者对多个事情同时产生注意力,这种过程非常正常但却会引发痴呆症发生,因此研究人员一直尝试寻找新方法来减缓或者逆转年龄增长给大脑带来的衰老效应。

如今研究者对小鼠开展了相关的研究,在自然状态下小鼠具有较短的寿命,而且当其12月龄时往往会表现出明显的认知障碍;这项研究中,研究者将少量的大麻活性成分THC分别注射到2月龄、12月龄以及18月龄的小鼠机体中(持续4周时间)。随后研究者检测这些小鼠的学习能力和记忆力表现,他们发现,仅给予安慰剂的小鼠会表现出天然的年龄依赖性的学习和记忆缺失,相比较而言,给予大麻活性成分THC治疗的小鼠的认知功能则同2月龄大的对照小鼠一样表现优良,研究者认为,这种疗法或许能够完全逆转老龄化动物记忆力缺失等表现。

多年的细致研究

研究者发现,当小鼠并不拥有THC的功能受体时,其大脑的老化速度就会加快,这些大麻素1(CB1)受体是一种物质能够予以停留的蛋白质,而且能够诱发信号连锁反应,CB1同时也是大麻产品中THC产生令人兴奋效应的原因,比如哈吸(印度大麻提练出的麻药)和大麻等,其能够在受体中进行积累。THC能够模仿在机体中天然产生的大麻效应,从而完成机体大脑重要的功能。研究者Zimmer说道,随着年龄增长,大脑中天然形成的大麻素的水平就会下降,当机体中大麻素系统活力下降时,大脑的老化速度也会加快。

为了精确阐明THC疗法对老年小鼠的效应,研究者们检查了所治疗小鼠机体的大脑组织和基因活性,研究结果让他们非常惊讶,他们发现,这些分子特性似乎并不能够与老年小鼠所对应,而是类似于年龄小鼠所表现的情况,而且小鼠大脑中神经细胞之间的连接数量也增加了,这也就意味着小鼠的学习能力增加了,似乎THC疗法能够帮助恢复机体的分子时钟。

下一步:在人类中的临床试验

研究人员往往会选择低剂量的THC来进行研究,因此其并不会对小鼠产生麻醉的效应,大麻类的产品已经被允许作为药物来治疗疾病,比如缓解疼痛的药物,下一步研究者计划进行临床试验来调查是否THC能够帮助逆转人类大脑的老化过程并且增加机体的认知能力。

最后研究者表示,促进知识引导的研究是必不可少的,当然目前从小鼠到人类的研究还需要很长一段路要走,后期我们将会通过更为深入的研究来调查是否THC疗法能够用来治疗痴呆症等人类疾病。(生物谷Bioon.com)

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原始出处:

Andras Bilkei-Gorzo, Onder Albayram, Astrid Draffehn, et al. A chronic low dose of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) restores cognitive function in old mice. Nature Medicine (2017) doi:10.1038/nm.4311

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    2017-05-12 kcb069
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