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JAMA:如何饮食才能降低心脏病、中风和糖尿病的发生?

2017-03-08 MedSci MedSci原创

在美国,个体的饮食因素与特定心脏代谢疾病的相关性尚未确立。近期,一项发表在权威杂志JAMA上的研究旨在评估美国成年人10种特定饮食因素的摄入与心脏病、中风和2型糖尿病(心脏代谢死亡)引起的死亡率的关联。此项研究通过比较风险评估模型纳入了国家卫生和营养调查(1999-2002年:n = 8104; 2009-2012年:n = 8516)的人口统计数据和饮食习惯的数据;评估饮食和疾病的关联,从前瞻性

在美国,个体的饮食因素与特定心脏代谢疾病的相关性尚未确立。


近期,一项发表在权威杂志JAMA上的研究旨在评估美国成年人10种特定饮食因素的摄入与心脏病、中风和2型糖尿病(心脏代谢死亡)引起的死亡率的关联。

此项研究通过比较风险评估模型纳入了国家卫生和营养调查(1999-2002年:n = 8104; 2009-2012年:n = 8516)的人口统计数据和饮食习惯的数据;评估饮食和疾病的关联,从前瞻性研究和临床试验的荟萃分析与有效性分析评估潜在偏倚;通过国家卫生统计中心估计疾病特异性国家死亡率。

与心脏代谢疾病相关的10种食物/营养物质的摄入包括:水果、蔬菜、坚果/种子、全谷物、未加工的红肉、加工肉、糖精饮料(SSB)、多不饱和脂肪、海鲜ω-3脂肪和钠。

此项研究评估了2012年心脏病、中风和2型糖尿病的绝对死亡率和死亡率百分比。还评估了2002年至2012年期间的疾病特异性和人口特定(年龄,性别,种族和教育)死亡率和趋势。

此项研究结果显示:2012年,在美国成年人中,发生702308例心源性代谢性死亡,包括506100例心脏病(371266例冠心病,35019例高血压性心脏病和99815例其他心血管疾病),128294例中风(16125例缺血,32591例出血和79578例其他疾病),以及67914例2型糖尿病

其中,估计每年318656例(95%不确定性区间[UI],306064-329755; 45.4%)心脏代谢性死亡与非最佳摄入相关-男性心脏死亡率为48.6%(95%UI,46.2%-50.9%),女性心脏死亡率为41.8%(95%UI,39.3%-44.2%);在年轻患者(25-34岁)为64.2%(95%UI,60.6%-67.9%),老年患者(≥75岁)为35.7%(95%UI,33.1%-38.1%);黑人中为53.1%(95%UI,51.6%-54.8%),西班牙裔中为50.0%(95%UI,48.2%-51.8%),白人中为42.8%(95%UI,40.9%-44.5%);低等教育个体中为46.8%(95%UI,44.9%-48.7%),中等受教育个体中为45.7%(95%UI,44.2%-47.4%),高等受教育个体中为39.1%(95%UI,37.2%-41.2%)。

估计与饮食相关的心脏代谢性死亡的最大数量与高钠相关(2012年66508例死亡;占所有心脏代谢性死亡的9.5%),低果实/种子(59374例,8.5%),高加工肉类(57766例;8.2%),低海鲜omega-3脂肪(54626例; 7.8%),低蔬菜(53410; 7.6%),低水果(52547; 7.5%)和高SSBs(51694; 7.4%)。

在2002年至2012年期间,人口调整的美国心脏代谢死亡每年下降26.5%。最大的下降与多不饱和脂肪(-20.8%相对变化[95%UI,-18.5%〜-22.8%]),坚果/种子不足(-18.0%[95%UI,-14.6%〜-21.0% )和过量SSBs(-14.5%[95%UI,-12.0%至-16.9%])有关。最大的增加与未加工的红肉相关(+ 14.4%[95%UI,9.1%-19.5%])。

此项研究表明:膳食因素与心脏病、中风和2型糖尿病的大量死亡有关。这些结果有助于确定优先事项,指导公共卫生规划,并告知改变饮食习惯和改善健康的策略。

原始出处:
Micha R, Peñalvo JL, et al. Association Between Dietary Factors and Mortality From Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States. JAMA. 2017 Mar 7;317(9):912-924. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.0947.

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    2017-04-29 laoli

    饮食习惯对健康确实有很大的影响,值得注意!

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191895, encodeId=4e8d1918950a, content=饮食习惯对健康确实有很大的影响,值得注意!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 19:19:12 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188390, encodeId=b31b1883905a, content=科学饮食降低冠心病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 18 07:24:41 CST 2017, time=2017-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185669, encodeId=10581856691e, content=科学饮食可能降低心脏病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:11:18 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182524, encodeId=c111182524c9, content=谢谢分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 00:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=179486, encodeId=6aa41e9486f4, content=科学饮食降三高。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 13 07:34:24 CST 2017, time=2017-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178767, encodeId=d9331e876784, content=新意在哪里?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 07:18:10 CST 2017, time=2017-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-18 jyzxjiangqin

    科学饮食降低冠心病、中风和糖尿病的发生。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191895, encodeId=4e8d1918950a, content=饮食习惯对健康确实有很大的影响,值得注意!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 19:19:12 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188390, encodeId=b31b1883905a, content=科学饮食降低冠心病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 18 07:24:41 CST 2017, time=2017-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185669, encodeId=10581856691e, content=科学饮食可能降低心脏病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:11:18 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182524, encodeId=c111182524c9, content=谢谢分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 00:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=179486, encodeId=6aa41e9486f4, content=科学饮食降三高。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 13 07:34:24 CST 2017, time=2017-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178767, encodeId=d9331e876784, content=新意在哪里?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 07:18:10 CST 2017, time=2017-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-07 jyzxjiangqin

    科学饮食可能降低心脏病、中风和糖尿病的发生。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191895, encodeId=4e8d1918950a, content=饮食习惯对健康确实有很大的影响,值得注意!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 19:19:12 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188390, encodeId=b31b1883905a, content=科学饮食降低冠心病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 18 07:24:41 CST 2017, time=2017-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185669, encodeId=10581856691e, content=科学饮食可能降低心脏病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:11:18 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182524, encodeId=c111182524c9, content=谢谢分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 00:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=179486, encodeId=6aa41e9486f4, content=科学饮食降三高。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 13 07:34:24 CST 2017, time=2017-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178767, encodeId=d9331e876784, content=新意在哪里?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 07:18:10 CST 2017, time=2017-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-25 laoli

    谢谢分享,学习了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191895, encodeId=4e8d1918950a, content=饮食习惯对健康确实有很大的影响,值得注意!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 19:19:12 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188390, encodeId=b31b1883905a, content=科学饮食降低冠心病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 18 07:24:41 CST 2017, time=2017-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185669, encodeId=10581856691e, content=科学饮食可能降低心脏病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:11:18 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182524, encodeId=c111182524c9, content=谢谢分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 00:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=179486, encodeId=6aa41e9486f4, content=科学饮食降三高。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 13 07:34:24 CST 2017, time=2017-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178767, encodeId=d9331e876784, content=新意在哪里?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 07:18:10 CST 2017, time=2017-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-13 jyzxjiangqin

    科学饮食降三高。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=191895, encodeId=4e8d1918950a, content=饮食习惯对健康确实有很大的影响,值得注意!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 19:19:12 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188390, encodeId=b31b1883905a, content=科学饮食降低冠心病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Apr 18 07:24:41 CST 2017, time=2017-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185669, encodeId=10581856691e, content=科学饮食可能降低心脏病、中风和糖尿病的发生。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 07:11:18 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182524, encodeId=c111182524c9, content=谢谢分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Mar 25 00:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=179486, encodeId=6aa41e9486f4, content=科学饮食降三高。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 13 07:34:24 CST 2017, time=2017-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=178767, encodeId=d9331e876784, content=新意在哪里?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48ce1618316, createdName=stupidox, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 07:18:10 CST 2017, time=2017-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-09 stupidox

    新意在哪里?

    0

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