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看Synaptive Medical如何颠覆神经外科手术

2015-06-12 徐青 健康界

相信大多数神经外科的医生都有过这样的经历,在培训时面对大脑图表或模型,复杂的结构可以一目了然:额前皮质储存长期记忆,小脑掌管平衡,顶叶整合感觉信息等。但是,当实际进行开颅手术时可完全不是这么一回事,只看到浆糊一样的一团,瞬间背得滚瓜烂熟的规则就全忘了。而脑部手术对精确度要求又极高,下刀位置相差一毫米就有可能永远损坏一名患者的听力、语言能力、行动能力或感觉能力。在现有条件下,神经外科医生在真正手术前

相信大多数神经外科的医生都有过这样的经历,在培训时面对大脑图表或模型,复杂的结构可以一目了然:额前皮质储存长期记忆,小脑掌管平衡,顶叶整合感觉信息等。但是,当实际进行开颅手术时可完全不是这么一回事,只看到浆糊一样的一团,瞬间背得滚瓜烂熟的规则就全忘了。而脑部手术对精确度要求又极高,下刀位置相差一毫米就有可能永远损坏一名患者的听力、语言能力、行动能力或感觉能力。在现有条件下,神经外科医生在真正手术前都是用模型和尸体来进行学习和训练的,这与实际手术中的大脑还是有很大差距的。


其实,除了医生的培训,神经外科手术在技术上相较于其他医学领域也相对落后。
过去的半个世纪中,古老的放大镜一直是神外手术中的标准光学设备。神外医生要么佩戴从1870年就开始使用的手术放大镜,要么选择悬挂在患者头部上方大型显微镜臂。这种镜臂配有一组双筒望远镜,但是缺乏灵活性。有的时候,由于手术部位的移动要调整镜臂可能会花去一场手术四分之一的时间。

除了手术设备外,神外手术的另一个障碍就是各种技术之间存在严重断层。例如,医生可以借助核磁共振成像(MRI)来进行术前准备,手术中则是借用光学工具来进行观察,这两者之间毫无联系。这就使得医生很难对所有信息进行全面整合和分析。

不过,加拿大的SynaptiveMedical公司则自信可以解决这些神外手术的技术之痛。Synaptive Medical请了50多位工程师和科学家致力于神经外科手术技术创新,最终研发出了BrightMatter系列产品。其中包括一款仿真大脑(Brain Simulator),显微镜驱动(Dive),手术规划器(Plan),和手术导航工具(Guide)等,全方位改进了神经外科手术技术。


Synaptive Medical的联合创始人兼总裁Piron解释说:“最开始,我们只是想改进神外手术时脑部的成像问题,例如建立脑部网络图、神经结构图等。而当我们深入这一领域时才发现还有更多更重要的问题亟待解决,所以便有了这一系列的产品。”这一系列产品将神外手术从拍片、规划、导航、调整等步骤连为一体,一气呵成。


该系列产品中最突出的就是这款仿真大脑,主要用于神外医生的培训和训练。它最大程度地模拟了人类大脑,从外表看来很像实验假人的脑袋,带有可切开的头盖骨,可用于训练颅骨切开手术。在头盖骨下方是一团类似于布丁的白色物质,其设计完全符合解剖学的大脑皮质,里面甚至还有4个可切除的肿瘤。


这款仿真大脑的材料由Synaptive团队的化学家和材料科学家共同完成,高度模拟了实际手术中医生对大脑组织的触觉。这种仿真近乎怪异。这样以来也填补了医生培训和实际操作之间的差异,可以提高手术的精确度,最大限度降低手术引起的脑部损伤。


在实际手术前,BrightMatter Plan可以帮助医生规划手术方式。其屏幕上可呈现高保真的磁共振(MR)和弥散张量融合成像(DTI),即时提供多种可能的脑部手术轨道。这种DTI成像可以用彩虹曲线来展示脑部的纤维和组织,是每个组织和神经的走向都一目了然,方便医生选择合适位置下刀而不损伤其他部位。

而工作流驱动的用户界面则可以根据图像设计出手术程序,通过3D成像和简化空间计算等一步一步引导手术进程。它可以在几分钟内设计出多种手术方案、衡量选定的脑沟形态图、评估颅骨切开方式。有了自动的数据分析和一流的3D成像,医生们在手术过程中便可以免去很多工具操作,专心手术。


而实际操作过程中,BrightMatter Drive就代替了古老笨重的显微镜臂。这款自动定位系统也配有显微镜,其类似机器人的镜臂可以自动根据医生手术的部位移动位置,通过导航软件将图像置于大屏幕上,确保手术刀所到之处即时出现在屏幕上。另外,医生还可以通过脚踏板来控制其位置。


MotherBoard的作者EreneStergiopoulos在体验过Synaptive的新技术后感叹道:“这下手术室里的所有人都可以看都我的一举一动了。通常,手术中只有外科医生才能真正看到手术过程。正是这种排他性给医生带来了一种权威,而在Synaptive的技术之下,这种排他性却完全被抹平了。不过,这也使得手术室更加团结。”

更神奇的一点是,手术台上的病人也能看到手术的全过程。很多神经外科手术中,病人都要保持清醒,以检测医生的某些操作是否损害了某个神经,而使患者丧失了这部分所主管的功能。现在,他们可以一边听着放松的玩笑,一边看着白手套和手术刀在他们的大脑里来回移动。况且,正是他们这颗被切开的大脑控制着他们的感觉和神经,使其可以体验这种过程。把自己的开颅手术录下来真的不算什么,你还可以看“现场直播”。

原始出处:

ERENE STERGIOPOULOS.This Brain Surgeon Simulator Is Not a Game.MOTHERBOARD, June 10, 2015.

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    2017-05-14 wl1122050

    神经外科是该进步了!

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    2015-07-21 jeanqiuqiu
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198095, encodeId=5e7e198095ff, content=神经外科是该进步了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6lQViaiaazgKwu3ASkx2y57ib6ISo2VFcU2BYlssBOpcOQcjB5rSVpl36mTeQD5lzAvY9wwxyOuebVA/0, createdBy=57c11919303, createdName=wl1122050, createdTime=Sun May 14 21:17:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1801791, encodeId=f9a01801e9169, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=40a0e426323' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经外科手术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74263, encryptionId=40a0e426323, topicName=神经外科手术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=47c5349, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 00:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858610, encodeId=6224185861086, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Tue Jul 21 07:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32299, encodeId=5d8e322992b, content=手术技术进步依赖科技, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d82d1631885, createdName=豪斯009, createdTime=Fri Jul 10 22:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=32051, encodeId=744d320515b, content=收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=192, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25b61624599, createdName=xykzfl, createdTime=Thu Jul 09 16:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31516, encodeId=43cf315167e, content=腻害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 08:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31515, encodeId=2a6931515b2, content=时代在进步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 08:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30447, encodeId=d2a23044ee4, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://api.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150526/IMG5564536F3C41D5237.jpg, createdBy=4c0c1612254, createdName=summer474cn, createdTime=Sat Jul 04 10:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29927, encodeId=ac452992ee9, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Mon Jun 29 18:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=29393, encodeId=81eb2939373, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Thu Jun 25 23:43:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-10 豪斯009

    手术技术进步依赖科技

    0

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    2015-07-09 xykzfl

    收藏

    0

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    2015-07-08 保守主义

    腻害

    0

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    2015-07-08 保守主义

    时代在进步

    0

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    2015-07-04 summer474cn

    0

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    2015-06-29 owlhealth

    0

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    2015-06-25 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS):     运动     6 - 按吩咐动作    5 - 对疼痛刺激定位反应    4 - 对疼痛刺激屈曲反应    3 - 异常屈曲(去皮层状态)    2 - 异常伸展(去脑状态)  

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