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Nat Commun:肠道微生物群是健康老年人的秘密吗?

2019-06-10 佚名 生物通

要点: 移植年轻小鼠的粪便可以增强老年小鼠的肠道免疫系统。由于年龄增长,肠道免疫反应下降并不是不可逆转的,肠道细菌可以促进老年个体肠道免疫反应。肠道微生物群可能是治疗一系列衰老相关症状以促进健康老龄化的目标。


要点: 移植年轻小鼠的粪便可以增强老年小鼠的肠道免疫系统。由于年龄增长,肠道免疫反应下降并不是不可逆转的,肠道细菌可以促进老年个体肠道免疫反应。肠道微生物群可能是治疗一系列衰老相关症状以促进健康老龄化的目标。

剑桥Babraham研究所免疫学家的一项研究表明,移植幼鼠粪便给老年小鼠可以刺激肠道微生物群并恢复肠道免疫系统。这项研究发表在《 Nature Communications》杂志上。 

肠道是受衰老影响最严重的器官之一,人类肠道微生物群的年龄依赖性变化与虚弱、炎症和肠道疾病易感性增加有关。这些肠道微生物群的年龄依赖性变化与肠道免疫系统功能的下降同时发生,但直到现在,还不知道两者变化是否有联系。

“我们的肠道微生物群由数百种不同类型的细菌组成,这些细菌对我们的健康至关重要,在我们的新陈代谢、大脑功能和免疫反应中发挥着作用,”主要研究人员Marisa Stebegg博士解释说。“我们的免疫系统不断地与肠道中的细菌相互作用。作为免疫学家,我的研究课题是为什么衰老后,我们的免疫系统就不能好好工作?我们也有兴趣探索肠道微生物群的组成是否影响肠道免疫反应的强度。”

混合饲养年轻和老年小鼠(小鼠天生喜欢从其他小鼠的粪便中摄取营养!)或者更直接地,转移年轻小鼠粪便给老年小鼠,都可以增强老年小鼠的肠道免疫系统,部分纠正与衰老相关的身体机能下降。

“令我们惊讶的是,共同居住拯救了老年小鼠肠道免疫反应的降低。观察所涉及的免疫细胞数量,老年小鼠的肠道免疫反应几乎与年轻小鼠的肠道免疫反应不可区分,”Babraham 研究所免疫计划小组负责人Michelle Linterman博士评论道。

结果表明,不良的肠道免疫反应并不是不可逆转的,并且可以通过适当的刺激来增强这种反应,这项研究暗示基本上可以通过将肠道免疫系统时钟调回更接近幼鼠的状态。

研究结果与治疗衰老相关症状有关,证实了免疫系统老化的影响与肠道微生物群年龄相关变化之间的联系。通过证明对肠道微生物群组成具有积极影响的干预措施的有效性,本研究表明,粪便移植、益生菌、共同居住和饮食都可能是促进健康老龄化的方法。

原始出处:

Marisa Stebegg, et al.Heterochronic faecal transplantation boosts gut germinal centres in aged mice.Nature Communications 10, Article number: 2443 (2019) 

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    2020-04-17 liuli5079
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    2019-09-17 liye789132251
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