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ASTRO循证指南:术后放射治疗在子宫内膜癌中的应用

2014-05-02 MedSci MedSci原创

美国放射肿瘤学会(ASTRO)颁布了一项关于子宫内膜癌辅助放疗使用细节的新指南。专家组针对上述患者人群给出了一系列关于子宫切除术后补充放疗、阴道断端放疗、术后外照射放疗、近距离放疗以及外照射放疗、和化放疗等的推荐意见。该指南名为“术后放射治疗在子宫内膜癌中的应用:ASTRO循证指南”。该指南的摘要发表在Practical Radiation Oncology 杂志2014年5-7月版。ASTRO

美国放射肿瘤学会(ASTRO)颁布了一项关于子宫内膜癌辅助放疗使用细节的新指南。专家组针对上述患者人群给出了一系列关于子宫切除术后补充放疗、阴道断端放疗、术后外照射放疗、近距离放疗以及外照射放疗、和化放疗等的推荐意见。

该指南名为“术后放射治疗在子宫内膜癌中的应用:ASTRO循证指南”。该指南的摘要发表在Practical Radiation Oncology 杂志2014年5-7月版。

ASTRO 专家小组由17名领衔妇科专家组成,他们整理研究了来自MEDLINE、EMBASE和Cochrane等数据库中的发表于1980至2011年的330 项研究的大量数据。该指南的数据来源人群定义为年龄在18岁以上,I期到IV期的任何组织学类型或级别的所有种族的子宫内膜癌妇女。研究纳入的患者为行子 宫切除术后无辅助治疗,或行盆腔和/或阴道近距离放疗或无全身性化疗。

该专家小组提出了5个关于辅助性放射治疗的作用的关键问题,并给出了一系列的建议来解释上述关键问题。

子宫切除术后的补充治疗

关 键问题1:子宫内膜样子宫内膜癌患者行子宫切除术后不需要补充治疗。对于子宫切除标本中无残留病灶,即使活检呈现阳性或1级或2级的癌症且无侵袭或 <50%肌层浸润,尤其是当无其他高危特征存在时,不选择辅助性放射治疗是合理的。3级癌症患者若无肌层浸润或1级或2级癌症且<50%子宫肌层浸润以及 存在高危因素如年龄>60岁和/或淋巴间隙侵犯,则接受或不接受阴道断端近距离放疗均合理。

阴道断端放疗

关 键问题2:探讨哪些子宫内膜样子宫内膜癌患者应接受阴道断端放疗。证据表明,对于1级或2级癌症且≥50%子宫肌层浸润或3级癌症且<50%肌层浸润患者 而言,近距离放疗预防阴道断端复发的效果与骨盆放疗相似。对于有上述危险因素特别是经综合淋巴结评估的患者而言,阴道断端近距离放疗优于骨盆放疗。

术后外照射放疗

关 键问题3:哪些女性应接受术后外照射放疗。3级早期子宫内膜癌且≥50%肌层浸润或宫颈基质浸润的患者被认为接受盆腔放疗可减少盆腔复发的风险。如果存在 其他危险因素如年龄>60岁和/或脉管浸润等,那么1级或2级癌症且≥50%肿瘤肌层浸润的患者也可以接受盆腔放疗以减少盆腔复发风险。

最佳证据显示,对于淋巴结阳性或子宫浆膜,卵巢和输卵管,阴道,膀胱或直肠累及的患者而言,应采用包含外照射放疗及辅助性化疗在内的治疗。化疗或放疗单一治疗或可用于存在盆腔复发风险病理学风险因素的某些患者。

近距离放疗补充治疗

关 键问题4:外照射放疗之外何时应采用近距离放射治疗。专家指出,目前还缺少数据验证盆腔放疗后使用近距离放射治疗的有效性,而回顾性研究入组的样本数量太 少,也未给出有关获益的决定性证据。接受盆腔外照射放疗的患者可能不需要同步阴道近距离放疗,除非患者存在阴道复发的危险因素。

放疗和化疗的整合

关 键问题5:子宫内膜癌的综合管理中应如何整合放疗和化疗。专家委员会总结出最佳证据表明,淋巴结阳性或子宫浆膜,卵巢和输卵管,阴道,膀胱或直肠累及的患 者推荐同步放化疗序贯辅助化疗。替代性的程序治疗策略也可以选择外照射放疗加化疗。化疗或放疗单一治疗或可用于某些存在盆腔复发病理学风险因素的患者。

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    2014-05-10 221.233.79.243

    美国放射肿瘤学会(ASTRO)颁布了一项关于子宫内膜癌辅助放疗使用细节的新指南,有用

    0

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    2014-05-03 xjy04
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