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Nat Med:T-细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病中的新"罪犯"

2012-01-22 MedSci MedSci原创

纽约大学癌症研究所发表于Nature Medicine 上的一项新研究,揭示了癌症致病基因Notch是如何与突变的Polycomb抑制复合物2(Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ,PRC2)相互作用导致T-细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)发生的机制。 T-ALL是一种恶性血癌,主要在儿童中诊断出来。当淋巴母细胞(一种未成熟的白细胞)变成恶性、不受控制地增殖并迅速扩散

纽约大学癌症研究所发表于Nature Medicine 上的一项新研究,揭示了癌症致病基因Notch是如何与突变的Polycomb抑制复合物2(Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ,PRC2)相互作用导致T-细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)发生的机制。

T-ALL是一种恶性血癌,主要在儿童中诊断出来。当淋巴母细胞(一种未成熟的白细胞)变成恶性、不受控制地增殖并迅速扩散至全身时,T-ALL便发生了。如果不进行治疗,疾病在几周内就可致命。T-ALL中Notch致癌性突变已经被确立,然而至今仍不清楚介导Notch诱导癌细胞转化的详细分子机制。

"我们的研究给出了关于Notch如何以一种拮抗模式与PCR2作用来促发T-ALL的新见解", 通讯作者Iannis Aifantis博士说,他是病理学副教授、纽约大学癌症研究所的成员,其中纽约大学癌症研究所是纽约大学医学中心指定的癌症研究中心,"此外,我们的研究表明发生在编码PRC2各元件基因座上的频繁基因失活作用抑制了它作为基因表达调控子的正常功能,更进一步证实该复合物在这种疾病中的肿瘤抑制子作用。"

此研究揭示了Notch与PRC2功能之间一种新的动力学相互作用。研究人员分析了T-ALL中Notch驱动的表观遗传基因表达调控的变化,结果显示出Notch1结合位点上PRC2功能的明显丧失。此外,研究人员在T-ALL患者样本中发现PRC2元件基因周期性的突变与删除。在研究中,PRC2功能的丧失激化了Notch基因的突变。这就为PRC2失常在Notch诱导的T-ALL中所扮演的重要角色提供了证据。

文章第一作者 Panagiotis Ntziachristos博士,来自纽约大学医学中心病理学系,他说:"因Notch致PRC2复合物失活构成了T-ALL形成过程中一个重要的致病性事件,PRC2基因的变化放大了Notch致癌基因的通讯信号,导致了T-ALL。我们的研究揭示了这种疾病发展期间一种特殊的表观遗传学开关,可进一步的利用它来开发一些靶向性表观遗传学疗法。"

本研究表明T-ALL是一种表观遗传学疾病,受致癌基因与肿瘤抑制子之间精细的平衡所调控。致癌基因如Notch,能够渗入特定基因座上PRC2正常的功能中,导致癌细胞的转化。PRC2突变通过改变Norch等致癌基因的表达对其进行协助。

Aifantis博士说:"我们的研究为治疗T-ALL开辟了新的方向,检测T-ALL中新的基因变化为筛选潜在可用于疾病治疗的策略提供了一个新的平台。能靶向组蛋白脱甲基酶(一种能催化H3K27me3修饰的酶)的药物可被单独或联合Notch1抑制剂用于治疗这种疾病。"

研究由霍华德休斯医学研究所、美国国家癌症研究所、白血病与淋巴瘤协会和纽约大学费因伯格淋巴瘤基金会提供资助。(生物谷bioon.com)

Genetic inactivation of the polycomb repressive complex 2 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Panagiotis Ntziachristos, Aristotelis Tsirigos, Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Jelena Nedjic, Thomas Trimarchi, Maria Sol Flaherty, Dolors Ferres-Marco, Vanina da Ros, Zuojian Tang, Jasmin Siegle, Patrik Asp, Michael Hadler, Isaura Rigo, Kim De Keersmaecker, Jay Patel, Tien Huynh, Filippo Utro, Sandrine Poglio, Jeremy B Samon, Elisabeth Paietta, Janis Racevskis, Jacob M Rowe, Raul Rabadan, Ross L Levine, Stuart Brown, Francoise Pflumio, Maria Dominguez, Adolfo Ferrando, Iannis Aifantis

Abstract T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an immature hematopoietic malignancy driven mainly by oncogenic activation of NOTCH1 signaling1. In this study we report the presence of loss-of-function mutations and deletions of the EZH2 and SUZ12 genes, which encode crucial components of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)2, 3, in 25% of T-ALLs. To further study the role of PRC2 in T-ALL, we used NOTCH1-dependent mouse models of the disease, as well as human T-ALL samples, and combined locus-specific and global analysis of NOTCH1-driven epigenetic changes. These studies demonstrated that activation of NOTCH1 specifically induces loss of the repressive mark Lys27 trimethylation of histone 3 (H3K27me3)4 by antagonizing the activity of PRC2. These studies suggest a tumor suppressor role for PRC2 in human leukemia and suggest a hitherto unrecognized dynamic interplay between oncogenic NOTCH1 and PRC2 function for the regulation of gene expression and cell transformation.

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