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少见!貌似“癫痫”的酮症酸中毒

2017-04-19 辛永宁 《住院医生日记》

大年初三的晚上12 点钟,窗外还响着零星的鞭炮声,家里电话响起,骤醒被唤会诊,5分钟后到达病房。睡眼朦胧中,患者家属大呼小叫,见一病人剧烈抽搐,自己清醒了许多,值班医生简述病史:患者,女,65岁,突发抽搐1小时入院,既往有精神分裂症史十余年,不规则服用氯丙嗪、奋乃静、安坦等,否认其他病史。晚10 点7分许无明显诱因出现强直抽搐,约5分钟停止后清醒,对发作过程不能回忆,后再发作1次,此后神志不清,头


晚上12 点钟,窗外还响着零星的鞭炮声,家里电话响起,骤醒被唤会诊,5分钟后到达病房。睡眼朦胧中,患者家属大呼小叫,见一病人剧烈抽搐,自己清醒了许多,值班医生简述病史:

患者,女,65岁,突发抽搐1小时入院,既往有精神分裂症史十余年,不规则服用氯丙嗪、奋乃静、安坦等,否认其他病史。晚10 点7分许无明显诱因出现强直抽搐,约5分钟停止后清醒,对发作过程不能回忆,后再发作1次,此后神志不清,头颅CT 无异常。正欲体检,患者再发剧烈抽搐,来不及静注安定(地西泮),心脏停搏,立即心肺复苏,心跳很快恢复,呼吸管理,重症监护。一边嘱护士床旁急诊测血糖,一边追问家属病史。

情况很紧急!整理了一下思路,感觉不像是神经科疾病,定向诊断应该是大内科的疾病。第一个想到的是中毒。但病人老伴极力否认,说抽搐发生前病人曾和他商量大年初四一起串亲戚,夫妻感情深厚无自杀诱因,无误服。难道是恶性综合征?但病人服抗精神病药十几年了,无高热大汗等,近期服药不多,可能性不大。代谢性脑病呢?需考虑,种类繁多,须逐一排除:无糖尿病史,无肝硬化、尿毒症、甲亢、肾上腺疾病史,也无肺炎、菌痢史,无颅脑外伤、深部创口及近期犬咬伤史。但老头不经意地说了句“今晚口干喝了较多开水”引起了我的注意,脑海里掠过:莫非是高渗性昏迷?

这时,护士报告血糖值过高而无法测出,其他报告陆续来到:尿糖+++,酮体++++,血糖35.97mmol/L,尿素氮12.98mmol/L,钾5.39mmol/L,钠143mmol/L,血气:p H7.15(本次抽搐前的血液标本),PCO 2 23mmol/L,BE‐18.97。诊断:DKA(糖尿病酮症酸中毒),高渗综合征。经补液、降糖、纠正酸中毒等治疗后,很快抽搐停止,神志转清,对答如常。DKA 病人抽搐起来如此厉害,少见!

心得体会

本例病人表现不典型:①患者发病前一直如常,并无明显的发病诱因,而一般酮症酸中毒病人都有腹泻、脱水、感染等明显诱因。患者清醒后回忆发病前除有些口干外无其他不适,且糖尿病病史也不详。②脱水表现不明显。来势较汹,抽搐起病,发作3次即心脏停搏,亦无Kussmaul 呼吸等其他酸中毒表现。

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    2017-04-25 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    涨知识,学习了

    0

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    2017-04-21 mashirong
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