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盘点:男性生殖健康研究盘点

2018-07-22 AlexYang MedSci原创

【1】Nat Commun:尿液中游离DNA是监测尿道感染的通用分析物 泌尿道感染是人类中最常见的感染之一。最近,有研究人员在细菌和病毒尿路感染中,测试了用尿液游离DNA(cfDNA)来全面监测宿主和病原微生物动态,并进行了相关研究。研究人员从141个尿液样本中分离出了cfDNA,这些尿液样本来自一个包含有82名肾移植患者的群体,并且进行了二代测序分析。研究发现,尿液cfDNA包含有


泌尿道感染是人类中最常见的感染之一。最近,有研究人员在细菌和病毒尿路感染中,测试了用尿液游离DNA(cfDNA)来全面监测宿主和病原微生物动态,并进行了相关研究。

研究人员从141个尿液样本中分离出了cfDNA,这些尿液样本来自一个包含有82名肾移植患者的群体,并且进行了二代测序分析。研究发现,尿液cfDNA包含有微生物组中细菌和病毒、药物敏感性、细菌生长动态、肾移植损伤和对感染的宿主响应的丰富的信息。这些不同层次的信息可以从一个单独的实验中获得,并且与基于实时定量PCR、传统的细菌培养和尿液分析相关的临床测试在个体水平上保持一致。另外,研究人员还指出,cfDNA阐释了症状发生的频率,并且在传统的诊断方法上并不能有效诊断

最后,研究人员指出,他们的工作鉴定了尿液cfDNA是监测尿路感染的一个高度通用分析物。


最近,有研究人员在一个代表性研究的泌尿道检查中,评估了客观的(拉长的)和主观的阴茎大小对勃起功能的影响。研究包括了689名年龄在35岁-70岁的男性。研究人员在多变量模型中利用逻辑回归和线性回归调查了IIEF-5调查问卷、身体检查(阴茎长度、前列腺体积、血压、身体质量指数-BMI)、代谢综合征(MS)、并发症、习惯(性交频率、身体活动、酒精和烟草使用情况)、教育水平、血糖、总睾丸素、雌二醇、PSA、血脂和自我认知(射精时间和主观阴茎大小)。

研究发现,客观阴茎平均长度为13.08cm±2.32,67名(9.72%)病人自我认为阴茎较小。76名(11.03%)参与者患有重度勃起功能障碍(ED),75名(10.88%)具有轻度到中等程度的ED,112名(16.25%)具有轻度ED,426名(61.83%)不患有ED。具有统计学显著意义的ED风险因子为自我认为阴茎较小(OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.35-3.69, p=.0017)、性交频率(每周)(OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.38-0.52, p<.0001)、令人满意的射精时间(no vs yes, OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.46-2.92, p<.0001)、并发症((yes vs. no, OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.46-2.76, p<.0001)、年龄大于65岁(OR=2.93, 95% CI 1.53-5.61, p<.0001)、抽烟(yes vs. no, OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.02-1.96, p<.0375)、常规身体运动(no vs. yes, OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.13-2.23, p<.0083)、血清总睾丸素小于200ng/dl(OR=3.48, 95% CI 1.69-7.16, p=0.0009)、血糖大于100mg/dl(OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.18-2.43, p=0.0044)和收缩压大于130mmHg(OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.16-2.19, p=0.0037)。

最后,研究人员指出,除了之前报道的风险因子,患者主观认为的阴茎大小能够负面的影响大约10%健康男性的性生活质量,而客观的阴茎大小对勃起功能的影响不具有显著影响。


在尿道重建外科手术中,对充分有效且"现成的"的移植物是非常需要的。目前,可利用的外科手术技术需要从自身部位获得移植物,这样也增加了外科手术并发症风险,并且增加了患者的不舒适程度。因此,在临床实践上,低成本且具有充分的再生潜力的无细胞移植物是非常有意义的。

无细胞管状胶原蛋白移植物跟君不同的胶原蛋白密度和纤维分布而有所区分,因此就产生了两极分化,即低纤维密度胶原蛋白移植物(LD-graft)和高纤维密度移植物(HD-graft),且研究人员将HD-graft作为对照。研究人员在将上述两种移植物移植到具有2厘米长医源性尿道缺陷兔子模型中来探究不同的作用。组织学阐释了移植了LD-graft的兔子比移植HD-graft具有更好的平滑肌再生情况。研究人员利用对比排尿式膀胱尿道造影术评估总的功能性结果,研究发现,在LD-graft中90%的患者尿道开放,而HD-graft中66.6%的患者尿道开放。另外,移植了LD-graft的动物模型成功交配的可能性更高,后代子孙也更加健康。

最后,研究人员指出,无细胞低密度极化胶原蛋白移植物在尿道再生上表现比高密度胶原蛋白移植物更好。


前列腺癌(PC)的放射治疗(RT)能够通过氧化胁迫引起神经血管结构的损伤,从而引起阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)。最近,有研究人员评估了一种抗氧化剂-白藜芦醇在RT术后对ED的治疗效果。

研究包括了5个小组的50只小鼠,包括了对照组和长期的或短期的溶媒或者白藜芦醇治疗。研究人员还获取了阴茎海绵体组织来分析谷胱甘肽(GSH)、一氧化氮(NO)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)、8-OHdG水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、半胱天冬酶-3活性、去乙酰化酶-1、Foxo-3、nNOS和eNOS蛋白表达情况。研究人员在长期治疗组测量了海绵体压力(ICP)。研究发现,在RT+长期溶媒治疗组中,组织GSH, NO, cGMP和SOD活性降低,而8-OHdg水平和半胱天冬酶-3活性增加。放射治疗能够引起去乙酰化酶-1、nNOS和eNOS蛋白表达的减少。然而,上述参数均可通过白藜芦醇治疗来进行恢复。另外,Foxo-3蛋白表达在RT+短期溶媒治疗组中没有改变,并且在RT+长期溶媒治疗组中作为一种防御机制增加;然而,白藜芦醇治疗能够引起Foxo-3表达的显著增加。

最后,研究人员指出,白藜芦醇能够维持勃起功能的代谢通路,并且还提供功能上的保护。因此,白藜芦醇可以作为一种治疗放射治疗后患者的维持勃起功能的补充药物。


佩罗尼氏疾病(PD)中的阴茎腹部弯曲并不是非常常见,但是能够导致性交方面的障碍,尤其是那些重度案例,即弯曲大于60度的患者。由于需要对尿道上皮进行处理而产生尿道并发症的顾虑,腹侧弯曲通常通过外科手术的折叠术来进行处理。

最近,有研究人员介绍了腹侧封闭技术在PD患者中阴茎腹侧弯曲修正中的应用。该手术的方法包括了神经血管术和尿道的移动。在阴茎弯曲表面最大程度的为止,研究人员进行部分的切除,并利用一个自我亲和的胶原绒(TachoSil®, Baxter, IL, USA)对产生的缺损部位进行封闭,并且不需要缝线固定。研究发现,平均的阴茎弯曲程度为98.3度(sd±27.6, 范围: 60-150)。平均的手术时间为99.2分钟(sd±12.4, 范围: 80-130)。平均的跟踪调查时间为17.9个月(sd±8.0, 范围: 9-29)。另外,12名患者中的10名(83.3%)表现出了笔直的阴茎。2名患者(16.7%)阴茎术后弯曲度小于30度,并且对性交不产生明显影响。所有的患者对性交质量都感到满意。

最后,研究人员指出,该腹侧封闭技术的初始结果是鼓舞人心的,但仍旧需要长期的数据来进一步鉴定。

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    2018-07-22 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-07-22 医者仁心5538

    需要加强研究

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    2018-07-22 AlexYang

    666

    0

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