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JAMA Inter Med:华法林治疗中断后复发性静脉血栓栓塞、出血和死亡风险

2015-05-28 崔倩 译 MedSci原创

重要性  对于长期接受华法林钠治疗、预防继发性静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的患者中,当他们需要为手术和侵入性诊断程序临时中断抗凝治疗的时候,出血和复发性VTE的风险还没有得到充分的说明。目的  为了描述那些采用华法林治疗的侵入性程序中断后和临床相关的出血和复发性静脉血栓栓塞概率,并比较那些接受和不接受搭桥治疗的患者的这些概率。    设计及参与者 &nb

重要性  

对于长期接受华法林钠治疗、预防继发性静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的患者中,当他们需要为手术和侵入性诊断程序临时中断抗凝治疗的时候,出血和复发性VTE的风险还没有得到充分的说明。

目的  

为了描述那些采用华法林治疗的侵入性程序中断后和临床相关的出血和复发性静脉血栓栓塞概率,并比较那些接受和不接受搭桥治疗的患者的这些概率。
    
设计及参与者  

一项回顾性队列研究在Kaiser Permanente的科罗拉多州,集成的卫生保健服务系统进行。在2006年1月1日到2012年3月31日期间,华法林治疗因侵入性诊断或手术被中断的患者参与此项研究,通过行政数据集的查询进行了鉴定。共有1812程序中的1178例患者符合纳入标准。成果和暴露的数据在2005年6月1日和2012年4月30日之间进行收集。

方法  

在华法林治疗中断期间使用搭桥治疗或不使用搭桥治疗。
    
主要成果及措施  

三十天临床相关性出血,复发性静脉血栓栓塞和全因死亡率。结果通过病历人工审核验证。
    
结果  

在1178的患者中,平均(SD)年龄为66.1(12.7)岁,830例手术(45.8%)发生在男性身上,且华法林疗法最常见的适应症为深静脉血栓(56.3%)。根据美国胸科医师学会的指南,大多数患者被认为在法林中断的时间内有低风险的静脉血栓栓塞复发(1431例手术[79.0%])。30天以内与临床相关的出血在搭桥治疗组和非搭桥治疗组分别有15例患者(2.7%)和2例患者(0.2%)出现(风险比,17.2;95% Cl,3.9-75.1)。在搭桥治疗组和非搭桥治疗组之间的VTE复发率无显著差异(0 vs 3;P=0.56  )。在任一组无死亡病例。
    
结论  

因侵入性程序而中断华法林治疗期间,有静脉血栓栓塞史的患者搭桥治疗与出血的风险增加相关,并且这可能对大多数这些患者来说是不必要的。进一步研究需要确定在华法林治疗中断期间,与围手术期VTE复发高风险相关联的患者与手术相关的特性。

■同期述评

过渡治疗在VTE患者中的过度使用:首先,不要伤害

美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学布劳特曼(Brotman)和斯特雷夫(Streiff)在同期述评中指出,在因VTE而接受抗凝治疗的患者中,停用抗凝治疗时的复发风险存在较大差异。由于活动性血栓稳定之前停用抗凝的患者尤易出现栓塞,因此上次血栓事件时间可能为短期VTE复发的最重要决定因素。ACCP指南建议对因VTE病史接受抗凝治疗的患者进行分层:如果血栓形成发生在前3个月之内,则停用抗凝时复发为高危;在前3至12个月之间发生为中危;在12个月之前发生为低危。高凝状况亦可将患者分类为高危范畴。

近期研究强调了手术操作后全剂量应用抗凝治疗所导致的出血风险,在术后2至3天启动治疗时尤为显著。在此项研究中,仅三分之一的患者应用了过渡治疗,但却引发了14起增量临床相关性出血事件,其余三分之二未接受过渡治疗的患者仅发生3起血栓形成事件。尽管该研究效力不足以评估死亡率,但其他研究显示约10%的VTE患者因大出血死亡,相当于复发性VTE所致死亡率。

尽管此项研究存在未能区分全剂量和预防剂量抗凝过渡治疗,以及缺少抗凝治疗时机信息等局限之处,但亚组之间的出血和血栓形成事件不均衡情况可能较整体患者更为显著。大部分VTE抗凝患者无须接受治疗剂量过渡治疗。然而,一些复发性VTE高危患者仍需要应用过渡治疗,如1个月之内发生的急性VTE以及短期停用抗凝治疗后复发活跃患者。


原始出处:

Nathan P. Clark, PharmD1,2; Daniel M. Witt, PharmD1,3; Loren E. Davies, PharmD1,4; Edward M. Saito, PharmD1,5; Kathleen H. McCool, PharmD1,2; James D. Douketis, MD6; Kelli R. Metz, PharmD2,7; Thomas Delate, PhD1,2,Bleeding, Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism, and Mortality Risks During Warfarin Interruption for Invasive Procedures.JAMA Inter Med May 26, 2015.

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2037990, encodeId=2207203e99001, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b364256225' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发性静脉血栓栓塞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42562, encryptionId=3b364256225, topicName=复发性静脉血栓栓塞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33b92500139, createdName=12498b37m72暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 13:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2079170, encodeId=1b2d20e917017, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3604645e84c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗中断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64578, encryptionId=3604645e84c, topicName=治疗中断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 22:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1909575, encodeId=497519095e5af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f1f42518d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42518, encryptionId=8f1f42518d8, topicName=复发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Mon Jun 01 14:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1955216, encodeId=d9ce195521640, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0aeb991e44c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99174, encryptionId=0aeb991e44c, topicName=静脉血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d139492, createdName=xue8602, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 08:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697247, encodeId=0147169e247cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 12:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25569, encodeId=fa5b255697d, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=172, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Sun May 31 21:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255517, encodeId=00a9125551e49, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63390, encryptionId=587f6339050, topicName=死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Sat May 30 06:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606512, encodeId=e7091606512a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat May 30 06:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-26 xue8602
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2037990, encodeId=2207203e99001, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b364256225' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发性静脉血栓栓塞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42562, encryptionId=3b364256225, topicName=复发性静脉血栓栓塞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=33b92500139, createdName=12498b37m72暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 13:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2079170, encodeId=1b2d20e917017, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3604645e84c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗中断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64578, encryptionId=3604645e84c, topicName=治疗中断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 22:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1909575, encodeId=497519095e5af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f1f42518d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42518, encryptionId=8f1f42518d8, topicName=复发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Mon Jun 01 14:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1955216, encodeId=d9ce195521640, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0aeb991e44c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99174, encryptionId=0aeb991e44c, topicName=静脉血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d139492, createdName=xue8602, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 08:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697247, encodeId=0147169e247cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Oct 13 12:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=25569, encodeId=fa5b255697d, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=172, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Sun May 31 21:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255517, encodeId=00a9125551e49, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63390, encryptionId=587f6339050, topicName=死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Sat May 30 06:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606512, encodeId=e7091606512a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat May 30 06:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-13 fusion
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    2015-05-31 huaxipanxing

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