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Nature:结核病治疗新策略:阻断肉芽肿血管发生

2014-11-28 何嫱 生物通

机体响应结核感染,会将这些细菌入侵者困在肉芽肿(granulomas)之中。肉芽肿是由免疫细胞及其演化的细胞局限性浸润和增生所形成的的结节状病灶,其是结核病的一个标志特征。这种围堵策略起初会取得成功,但最终细菌会设法突破这些细胞间的监狱,扩散至全身。 现在,研究人员证实这种逃脱借助了在肉芽肿中打通隧道的新血管,这些血管为内部的细菌提供了新鲜氧气和出路。他们测试了一些获得FDA批准、可阻断

机体响应结核感染,会将这些细菌入侵者困在肉芽肿(granulomas)之中。肉芽肿是由免疫细胞及其演化的细胞局限性浸润和增生所形成的的结节状病灶,其是结核病的一个标志特征。这种围堵策略起初会取得成功,但最终细菌会设法突破这些细胞间的监狱,扩散至全身。

现在,研究人员证实这种逃脱借助了在肉芽肿中打通隧道的新血管,这些血管为内部的细菌提供了新鲜氧气和出路。他们测试了一些获得FDA批准、可阻断血管发生的药物,发现这些药物可以有效地减少结核菌的数量,限制它们扩散到肉芽肿外,提高感染实验动物的生存率。

这些发表在11月24日《自然》(Nature)杂志上的研究结果,指出了一种结核病的治疗新策略:不再直接追捕细菌,而是靶向机体对结核(TB)的反应。

杜克大学医学院分子遗传学和微生物学助理教授David M. Tobin博士说:“血管发生是由肉芽肿触发的一种宿主反应,细菌利用了它来实现生长,并维持充足的氧气供应,最终发生扩散。”

Tobin说:“我认为通常用于癌症的抗血管生成药物,有可能是治疗结核病的一种全新途径。这种宿主导向治疗在当前抗生素疗法无效的多药耐药性疾病中尤为有效。”

结核病是仅次于艾滋病的一种全球感染性疾病主要死亡原因。来自世界卫生组织的一份近期报告指出,仅2013年就有900万人罹患结核病,150万人死于这一疾病。尽管当前有几种药物疗法已获得批准用于治疗该病,这些疗法都是费时、有毒的,且其对大多数耐药菌株无效。

研究人员一直在利用各种动物模型寻求结核病的替代疗法,包括存在于许多宠物店和家庭水族馆中的斑马鱼。这种小鱼可以被人类结核致病菌结核分枝杆菌的近亲——天然病原体海鱼分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium marinum)所感染。

显然,鱼没有肺,但它们形成了与人类结核患者身上结构相似的肉芽肿。Tobin帮助将斑马鱼开发成为了结核病模型。他决定利用这一系统来研究与肉芽肿相关的血管。他和博士后研究人员Stefan H. Oehlers想确定这些新血管正在让宿主和细菌何者受益。

由于在成年期出现条纹前斑马鱼都是透明的,Oehlers可以用不同颜色的荧光标记来标记出细菌、免疫细胞和血管,然后随时间追踪结核感染。当他用亮蓝色的海鱼分枝杆菌来感染斑马鱼时,他看到亮红色的免疫细胞很快包围细菌形成了紧密组织化的肉芽肿。在数天内,在这些小细胞球内部和周围就可看到萌芽的亮绿色血管。他们发现这些新血管是一些功能性的血管,以与正常血管相同的方式运送红细胞。

研究人员想知道,如果不形成新血管会发生什么。如果它们对宿主重要,那么阻断这一过程将会让感染恶化。而如果它们的目的是帮助细菌生长和扩散,那么阻断这一过程可以帮助控制感染。为了区别这两种可能性,研究人员将用于治疗癌症的、一次剂量的抗血管生成药物semaxinib和pazopanib滴入到斑马鱼的水中。

他们发现,这些药物抑制了新血管的生长,减少了细菌的数量,限制了肉芽肿内部的结核扩散。重要的是,用普通的抗癌药物pazopanib处理将结核斑马鱼的生存率提高了三倍。这些抗血管生成药物还提高了一线抗结核药物利福平(rifampicin)的疗效。

Stefan Oehlers说:“我们认为,切断血管生长可以有效地扼制结核菌,使得免疫系统更容易靶向它。现在,我们想要去证实靶向宿主血管在其他的临床前结核模型中也起效。”

原始出处:

Stefan H. Oehlers,Mark R. Cronan,Ninecia R. Scott,Monica I. Thomas,Kazuhide S. Okuda Eric M. Walton,Rebecca W. Beerman,Philip S. Crosier,David M. Tobin.Interception of host angiogenic signalling limits mycobacterial growth.Nature (2014) doi:10.1038/nature13967


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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709998, encodeId=61621e09998c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Fri Jan 16 12:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1976517, encodeId=b58919e651732, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ea788958863' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管发生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89588, encryptionId=ea788958863, topicName=血管发生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Mon Oct 19 05:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1748777, encodeId=088b1e48777f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=233a64644ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗新策略#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64644, encryptionId=233a64644ca, topicName=治疗新策略)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a79236200456, createdName=xiaoshitou, createdTime=Mon May 25 22:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880391, encodeId=b2c0188039157, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Oct 05 11:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253937, encodeId=90f1125393efe, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Sun Nov 30 00:54:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344735, encodeId=4db61344e358e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e98808e9f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肉芽肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80879, encryptionId=0e98808e9f9, topicName=肉芽肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=09a12500213, createdName=12498f1em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Nov 30 00:54:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1478348, encodeId=5c2014e8348d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d1a55858e70' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新策略#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58587, encryptionId=d1a55858e70, topicName=新策略)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da0f7431516, createdName=12498568m52暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Nov 30 00:54:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-05 liye789132251
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