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Lancet:轻度哮喘患者应根据症状频率给予吸入性糖皮质激素治疗吗?

2016-11-30 haofan MedSci原创

对于新近发生的轻度哮喘患者,按每日一次给予低剂量的布地奈德治疗能够降低SARE风险,减少肺功能的下降,并改善症状控制,在所有的症状亚组中可见到类似变化。结果不支持对每周超过2天症状发作的患者限制使用吸入糖皮质激素,并建议轻度哮喘给予低剂量的布地奈德治疗,应考虑降低风险和症状。

低剂量吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)对降低哮喘发作和死亡率非常有效。常规来说,对于每周超过2天出现哮喘症状的患者应建议进行ICS治疗,但这一标准的证据很少。近日,顶级杂志Lancet上发表了一篇研究文章,通过比较各个亚组在严重哮喘发作、肺功能和哮喘症状控制方面对布地奈德与安慰剂的反应有无差异,旨在评估以前基于症状来判断是否开始ICS治疗的有效性,这些亚组是根据基础哮喘发作频率来进行区分。

 

研究人员对3年吸入性类固醇治疗作为常规治疗(START)的研究做了一个事后分析,在32个国家,参与者每3个月到诊所就诊一次。在过去的2年内诊断为轻度哮喘并且以前没有常规糖皮质激素治疗史的患者(4岁至66岁)被随机分组,分别接受每天一次的吸入性布地奈德400μg(那些年龄小于11岁的患者为200μg)或安慰剂。该分析的主要结局事件为发生首次重度哮喘相关事件(SARE:入院治疗、急救处理或死亡)的时间和使用支气管扩张剂后肺功能从基线水平的变化情况,同时对其与基线症状频率的相互作用进行了研究,研究人员将患者分为每周2天以上出现症状发作组和每周2天或更少的症状发作组(又分为0天到1天症状发作和超过1天到2天症状发作)。研究人员采用意向治疗法进行分析。

 

7138例(n=3577接受布地奈德,n=3561接受安慰剂)参与者中,基线水平哮喘症状频率为每周0-1天症状发作的参与者有2184例(31%),每周超过1天但小于或等于2天症状发作的参与者有1914例(27%),每周超过2天症状发作的参与者有3040例(43%)。布地奈德治疗组与安慰剂组相比,各个症状发作频率的亚组首次出现SARE所需时间要更长(每周0-1天症状发作组的风险比为0.54 [95%可信区间为0.34–0.86],每周超过1天但小于或等于2天症状发作组的风险比为0.60[0.39–0.93],每周超过2天症状发作组的风险比为0.57[0.41–0.79]P相互作用=0.94)和随访3年后使用支气管扩张剂后肺功能下降较少(P相互作用=0.32)。布地奈德治疗组与安慰剂组相比,重度哮喘发作时所需口服或全身运用的糖皮质激素剂量减少(每周0-1天症状发作组的比例为0.48[0.38–0.61 ],每周超过1天但小于或等于2天症状发作组的比值比为0.56[0.44–0.71],每周超过2天症状发作组的比值比为0.66[0.55–0.80 ]P相互作用=0.11)、使用支气管扩张剂前的肺功能越高、无症状天数更加频繁(所有三个亚组P0.0001),并且与症状频率无相互作用(使用支气管扩张剂前P相互作用=0.43;无症状天数P相互作用=0.53)。当参与者按照指南的标准进行归类为所谓的持久性与所谓的间歇性哮喘,也可以观察到类似的结果。

 

由此可见,对于新近发生的轻度哮喘患者,按每日一次给予低剂量的布地奈德治疗能够降低SARE风险,减少肺功能的下降,并改善症状控制,在所有的症状亚组中可见到类似变化。结果不支持对每周超过2天症状发作的患者限制使用吸入糖皮质激素,并建议轻度哮喘给予低剂量的布地奈德治疗,应考虑降低风险和症状。

 

原始出处:

 

Helen K Reddel, et al. Should recommendations about starting inhaled corticosteroid treatment for mild asthma be based on symptom frequency: a post-hoc efficacy analysis of the START study. Lancet 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31399-X

 

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    2017-01-08 howi
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