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Neurology:以生前萎缩为基础的阿尔茨海默病亚型的神经病理学特征

2022-07-10 Naomi MedSci原创

近日,一项发表在Neurology上的研究试图探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者死前基于MRI的萎缩亚型在尸检神经病理特征和非AD病理改变上的差异。强调AD中基于萎缩的异质性相对于AD和非AD病理的重要性。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理特征是淀粉样β蛋白(Aβ)斑块和tau神经原纤维缠结(NFT)。在超过40%的AD病例中有超过40%的病例报告了伴随的病理蛋白,如α-突触核蛋白(α-SYN)和TARDNA结合蛋白43(TDP-43)。

这种对AD大脑的多病态观点是否表明萎缩不仅是AD标志性病理的下游,而且是与一个或多个伴随病变的相互作用的下游?De Flores等人。研究了在死前核磁共振成像(MRI)上测量的内侧颞叶萎缩与死后神经病理的关系,并报告了tau病理与海马后萎缩有关,而TDP-43病理与前内侧颞叶萎缩有关。内侧颞叶萎缩虽然是一个共同的特征,但在AD患者中并不总是被观察到。越来越多的证据表明,AD的生物学异质性可能表现为不同的萎缩亚型:典型的AD、边缘占优势的AD、海马型AD和轻度萎缩的AD7,后两种表现为相对保存的内侧颞叶灰质结构。这种对AD大脑的多病态观点是否表明萎缩亚型可能不仅位于AD标志性病理的下游,而且可能与一个或多个伴随的病理相互作用?这一问题的答案还有待探索。

目前缺乏体内生物标记物来评估α-SYN和TDP-43等病理改变。近日,一项发表在Neurology上的研究试图探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者死前基于MRI的萎缩亚型在死后的神经病理特征和非AD病理改变上的差异。其中主要研究问题是:(A)AD的生前萎缩亚型是否与死后AD和非AD病理的个体和/或伴发有关,以及(B)这种亚型-病理关系是否因大脑区域而异。与这些研究问题相对应,研究假设AD的生前萎缩亚型可能与不同的AD和死后评估的非AD病理有不同的关联,这可能因大脑区域而异。

从ADNI队列中,研究纳入了有以下情况的个体:生前MRI评估死前2年内的脑萎缩;死前诊断为AD痴呆/轻度认知障碍;死后证实的AD神经病理改变。根据最近的概念框架,生前萎缩亚型被建模为连续现象:典型性(跨越边缘为主的AD到海马区保留的AD)和严重性(跨越典型的AD到轻度萎缩的AD)。死后神经病理学评估包括AD征象、淀粉样β蛋白和tau蛋白,以及非AD病理、α-突触核蛋白和TAR DNA结合蛋白-43(TDP-43)。还调查了这些病理的总体伴随关系。部分相关性评估了生前萎缩亚型和死后神经病理结果之间的关系。

  • 在31例患者中(26例AD痴呆/5例轻度认知损害,平均年龄=80岁,女性26%),生前典型性与神经病理特征呈显著负相关,包括淀粉样β蛋白(Rho=-0.39)、tau(Rho=-0.38)、α-突触核蛋白(Rho=-0.39)、TDP-43(Rho=-0.49)和伴随病理(Rho=-0.59)。
  • 与海马区占优势的AD相比,边缘占优势的AD与更高的Thal时相、神经性斑块密度和TDP-43的存在相关。
  • 在区域上,边缘占优势的AD在内侧颞叶结构中表现出更高的tau和α-突触核蛋白病理,更高的TDP-43与海马区保留的AD相比,皮质下/皮质下的病理伴随。
  • 生前严重程度与病理伴随显著负相关(Rho=-0.43地区性),典型AD表现出比轻度萎缩AD更高的病理伴随。

研究提供了从生前到死后的直接验证,强调了了解AD中基于萎缩的异质性相对于AD和非AD病理的重要性。研究认为:(A)萎缩的典型性和严重性反映了大脑对AD和非AD病理易感性的不同方面;(B)边缘占优势的AD和典型的AD亚型有相似的生物学途径,使他们比海马区不存在AD的AD更容易受到AD和非AD病理的影响,后者可能遵循不同的生物学途径。我们的发现加深了对AD萎缩亚型与不同病理的关系的理解,增强了对AD生物学异质性的普遍认识,并可能有助于跟踪疾病进展和设计未来的临床试验。

文献来源:Mohanty R, Ferreira D, Frerich S, et al. Neuropathologic Features of Antemortem Atrophy-Based Subtypes of Alzheimer Disease [published online ahead of print, 2022 May 24]. Neurology. 2022;10.1212/WNL.0000000000200573. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200573

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    2022-10-26 chendoc252
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  4. 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  5. 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encodeId=10f41491443ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5316e4387aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74387, encryptionId=5316e4387aa, topicName=神经病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1ab48885684, createdName=axin012, createdTime=Mon Jul 11 08:00:27 CST 2022, time=2022-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1548079, encodeId=2aea15480e943, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9b8e439671' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经病理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74396, encryptionId=a9b8e439671, topicName=神经病理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=341e13990555, createdName=ms6279672939590805, createdTime=Mon Jul 11 08:00:27 CST 2022, time=2022-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-11 rml

    真棒👍

    0

  6. 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  7. 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    2022-07-11 jktdtl
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