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Sci Transl Med :无间道!科学家让癌细胞攻击癌细胞,有望治疗多种癌症

2018-07-14 佚名 学术经纬

癌症是当今社会的一大顽疾。每年都有许多新经诊断的癌症患者,也有许多患者因病辞世。寻找抗癌新疗法,是当下生物医药行业的一大热点。

癌症是当今社会的一大顽疾。每年都有许多新经诊断的癌症患者,也有许多患者因病辞世。寻找抗癌新疗法,是当下生物医药行业的一大热点。

本周,发表在《科学》子刊《Science Translational Medicine》上的一项研究,则让我们看到了一种全新疗法诞生的希望:一支来自哈佛大学医学院的团队对癌细胞进行了改造,让它们摇身一变,从致命杀手,变成了科学家的内应。

这背后是什么样的原理呢?原来癌细胞有一种神奇的“归巢”效应,这是指癌细胞能在体内感知到它们的老巢,从器官的一边移动到另一边,或是从身体的一个部位移动到另一个部位。这就给科学家们提供了一个全新的抗癌思路。如果我们在这些癌细胞上做上一些改造,是否就能借助它们的这一特性,直击肿瘤内部呢?

先前,有一些研究人员们也的确做过一些尝试:有人将病毒潜伏在这些癌细胞内,期望在肿瘤中引起大爆发,导致癌细胞死亡;另一些人则在癌细胞中引入了自杀基因,希望能在肿瘤内部引起癌细胞的自我凋亡。但抗癌疗法的开发自然没有那么简单,理论上可行的技术,在实验中却屡屡碰壁。


▲本研究的图示(图片来源:《Science Translational Medicine》)

这一次,科学家们决定使用新颖的CRISPR基因编辑技术对癌细胞进行改造。他们先从小鼠的肿瘤处分离出了癌细胞,再通过基因编辑,让这些癌细胞表达一种特定的分子信号。这种分子信号能刺激肿瘤内癌细胞表面的“死亡受体”,让它们自我摧毁。

细心的读者朋友们可能会指出,这些癌细胞虽然经过了改造,但毕竟本身也是癌细胞。它们也带有这种死亡受体,不会被误伤吗?研究人员们也考虑到了这一点。为了不“误伤友军”,他们同样通过基因编辑,在改造这些癌细胞的同时,去除掉了这些受体。这样一来,这些癌细胞就只会杀死其他癌细胞,自身却不会被影响到。

另一些朋友则可能会问,虽然这些癌细胞能杀死其他癌细胞,但就算能取得成功,难道它们就不会在体内复发,带来新的肿瘤吗?研究人员们出于安全性的考量,在这些细胞内安装了一个开关。当这些细胞杀死其他癌细胞后,我们就可以“卸磨杀驴”,杀死这些经过改造的细胞。


▲经过改造的癌细胞(绿色)开始向大脑中的癌细胞(红色)移动(图片来源:CSTI/Khalid Shah lab)

此外,研究人员们也设计了一种“通用型”癌细胞。与上面提到的方法不一样,它省去了从小鼠肿瘤中分离和培养的步骤。只要“免疫指纹”相匹配,它就能直接进行应用,尽快开启治疗。

在小鼠实验里,这两种方法都取得了良好的效果。在体内,研究人员发现,这些经过改造的癌细胞,果然能回到肿瘤的位置,并对肿瘤产生杀伤效果——无论是难治的胶质母细胞瘤,还是已经发生转移的乳腺癌,这种“无间道”疗法,都能显着延长小鼠的生命。


▲该疗法能延长小鼠的生存期(绿色)(图片来源:《Science Translational Medicine》)

“这只是(癌症疗法的)冰山一角,”该研究的通讯作者Khalid Shah教授说道:“细胞疗法有巨大潜力,它能将治疗药物递送到肿瘤,为常规疗法不起效的癌症带来治疗方案。我们的技术表明我们可以改造患者自身的癌细胞,让它们治疗癌症。我们认为这有望在所有癌症类型中都得到潜在的应用。”

尽管这一研究取得了积极的成果,但另一些科学家们则依旧保持谨慎。他们指出,如果在小鼠中的实验都能在人体内得到重复的话,或许我们早就攻克癌症了。但事实上,从早期的发现,到最终获批的抗癌疗法,其中的成功率只有5%。

但不管怎么说,这毕竟让我们看到了创新疗法问世的希望。至于它能不能在人体中同样起效,只有通过临床试验才能知晓。这正是研究人员们努力的方向。我们期待这项发现能得到成功的转化,在我们的抗癌武器库中增添一把新的武器。

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    2018-11-17 bsmagic9140
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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 13:01:42 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331779, encodeId=a9d3331e794f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 12:59:50 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331514, encodeId=64d633151477, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:07:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-04 1801ef6d27m

    思路不错

    0

  4. 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content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:07:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-20 GZphD9

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

  5. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 13:01:42 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331779, encodeId=a9d3331e794f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 12:59:50 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331514, encodeId=64d633151477, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:07:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-18 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  6. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 13:01:42 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331779, encodeId=a9d3331e794f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 12:59:50 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331514, encodeId=64d633151477, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:07:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-16 yxch36
  7. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 13:01:42 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331779, encodeId=a9d3331e794f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 12:59:50 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331514, encodeId=64d633151477, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:07:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  8. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 13:01:42 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331779, encodeId=a9d3331e794f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 12:59:50 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331514, encodeId=64d633151477, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:07:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-15 神功盖世

    学习

    0

  9. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 13:01:42 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331779, encodeId=a9d3331e794f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 12:59:50 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331514, encodeId=64d633151477, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:07:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-15 sunfeifeiyang

    学习

    0

  10. 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    2018-07-14 kafei

    学习了谢谢

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