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病例对照研究介绍与临床应用

2015-07-04 MedSci MedSci原创

一、病例对照研究的概念 病例对照研究是一种由果及因的回顾性研究。它是先按疾病状态来确定调查对象,分为病例和对照,然后分别了解其既往(发病前)的暴露情况,并进行比较,以推测疾病与暴露之间的联系。病例对照研究从时间上讲,是通过回顾的方法来研究暴露因素,所以过去也称回顾性研究。例如,应用病例对照研究方法研究吸烟和肺癌之间的联系,可以选择一组肺癌病人作病例,再选择一组健康人或患其他疾病的人作对照,分

一、病例对照研究的概念 病例对照研究是一种由果及因的回顾性研究。它是先按疾病状态来确定调查对象,分为病例和对照,然后分别了解其既往(发病前)的暴露情况,并进行比较,以推测疾病与暴露之间的联系。病例对照研究从时间上讲,是通过回顾的方法来研究暴露因素,所以过去也称回顾性研究。例如,应用病例对照研究方法研究吸烟和肺癌之间的联系,可以选择一组肺癌病人作病例,再选择一组健康人或患其他疾病的人作对照,分别调查他们过去吸烟情况,如果肺癌病人过去吸烟的比例明显高于对照者,则提示吸烟与肺癌的发生有关。但病例对照研究得到的暴露与疾病之间的联系并不一定是因果联系,即使能除外随机误差和已知的系统误差,还可能有尚未认识的因素会影响这种联系。因为在病例对照研究开始时,疾病已经发生,通过回忆过去的暴露情况来确定所研究的暴露因素与疾病之间是否有联系,它只能就暴露与疾病是否有统计学联系做出判断,而难以得出它们之间因果关系的结论。 病例对照研究是迄今最常用的一种流行病学研究方法。也是识别罕见疾病危险因素的唯一实际可行的研究方法。虽然病例对照研究应用广泛,但因可能存在某些偏倚,使其应用受到一定限制。一般在病因研究中,病例对

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    2016-02-24 amyloid
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    2015-07-13 xugc
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835592, encodeId=7f5f18355921e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 23:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775287, encodeId=37291e75287a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Wed Feb 24 05:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1756152, encodeId=7ff31e561523e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cc81e0775ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70775, encryptionId=cc81e0775ab, topicName=病例对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064637073830, createdName=xugc, createdTime=Mon Jul 13 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984122, encodeId=23ac198412210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77dee0776b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例对照研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70776, encryptionId=77dee0776b6, topicName=病例对照研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a35a460, createdName=fengyi812, createdTime=Wed Sep 30 13:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34755, encodeId=0b0434e5507, content=随着病例对照研究的应用范围不断扩大,应用该方法的人也越来越多,方法本身也在不断完善。病例对照研究方法现已广泛用于探索病因及流行因素、危险因素、公共卫生和医学实践中的爆发调查、干预措施的评价、以及项目评价, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34753, encodeId=12eb34e53d0, content=病例对照研究是一种由果及因的回顾性研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34754, encodeId=4ad034e54d1, content=这种研究方式当前很流行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835592, encodeId=7f5f18355921e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 23:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775287, encodeId=37291e75287a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Wed Feb 24 05:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1756152, encodeId=7ff31e561523e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cc81e0775ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70775, encryptionId=cc81e0775ab, topicName=病例对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064637073830, createdName=xugc, createdTime=Mon Jul 13 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984122, encodeId=23ac198412210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77dee0776b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例对照研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70776, encryptionId=77dee0776b6, topicName=病例对照研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a35a460, createdName=fengyi812, createdTime=Wed Sep 30 13:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34755, encodeId=0b0434e5507, content=随着病例对照研究的应用范围不断扩大,应用该方法的人也越来越多,方法本身也在不断完善。病例对照研究方法现已广泛用于探索病因及流行因素、危险因素、公共卫生和医学实践中的爆发调查、干预措施的评价、以及项目评价, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34753, encodeId=12eb34e53d0, content=病例对照研究是一种由果及因的回顾性研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34754, encodeId=4ad034e54d1, content=这种研究方式当前很流行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-06 hlycom3356

    随着病例对照研究的应用范围不断扩大,应用该方法的人也越来越多,方法本身也在不断完善。病例对照研究方法现已广泛用于探索病因及流行因素、危险因素、公共卫生和医学实践中的爆发调查、干预措施的评价、以及项目评价

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835592, encodeId=7f5f18355921e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 23:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775287, encodeId=37291e75287a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Wed Feb 24 05:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1756152, encodeId=7ff31e561523e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cc81e0775ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70775, encryptionId=cc81e0775ab, topicName=病例对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064637073830, createdName=xugc, createdTime=Mon Jul 13 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984122, encodeId=23ac198412210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77dee0776b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例对照研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70776, encryptionId=77dee0776b6, topicName=病例对照研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a35a460, createdName=fengyi812, createdTime=Wed Sep 30 13:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34755, encodeId=0b0434e5507, content=随着病例对照研究的应用范围不断扩大,应用该方法的人也越来越多,方法本身也在不断完善。病例对照研究方法现已广泛用于探索病因及流行因素、危险因素、公共卫生和医学实践中的爆发调查、干预措施的评价、以及项目评价, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34753, encodeId=12eb34e53d0, content=病例对照研究是一种由果及因的回顾性研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34754, encodeId=4ad034e54d1, content=这种研究方式当前很流行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-06 hlycom3356

    病例对照研究是一种由果及因的回顾性研究

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835592, encodeId=7f5f18355921e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 23:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775287, encodeId=37291e75287a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Wed Feb 24 05:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1756152, encodeId=7ff31e561523e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cc81e0775ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70775, encryptionId=cc81e0775ab, topicName=病例对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064637073830, createdName=xugc, createdTime=Mon Jul 13 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984122, encodeId=23ac198412210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77dee0776b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例对照研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70776, encryptionId=77dee0776b6, topicName=病例对照研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a35a460, createdName=fengyi812, createdTime=Wed Sep 30 13:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34755, encodeId=0b0434e5507, content=随着病例对照研究的应用范围不断扩大,应用该方法的人也越来越多,方法本身也在不断完善。病例对照研究方法现已广泛用于探索病因及流行因素、危险因素、公共卫生和医学实践中的爆发调查、干预措施的评价、以及项目评价, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34753, encodeId=12eb34e53d0, content=病例对照研究是一种由果及因的回顾性研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34754, encodeId=4ad034e54d1, content=这种研究方式当前很流行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-06 hlycom3356

    这种研究方式当前很流行

    0

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