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这9大“伤肾”习惯,你都有重视吗?

2018-05-30 李青 天津市泰达医院 李青大夫

慢性肾脏病的常见原因有:糖尿病,原发性肾小球肾炎,高血压,药物,自身免疫性疾病,高尿酸血症,肥胖,尿路感染,尿路梗阻,过敏性紫癫等,凡导致上述疾病的生活习惯,也是“伤肾”的生活习惯。

生活中,有许多习以为常的细节可能正在威胁着你的肾脏,你是否注意到了呢?要想了解“伤肾”的生活习惯,首先要了解慢性肾脏病的常见原因。

慢性肾脏病的常见原因有:糖尿病,原发性肾小球肾炎,高血压,药物,自身免疫性疾病,高尿酸血症,肥胖,尿路感染,尿路梗阻,过敏性紫癫等,凡导致上述疾病的生活习惯,也是“伤肾”的生活习惯。概括起来有:

1. 吃盐过多

盐摄入过多,由于渗透压的作用,水就在体内蓄积,循环血容量就会增加,肾脏、心脏的负担也就加重。此外,盐摄入过多,还导致高血压,同样加重肾脏、心脏负担,久而久之导致肾损害。WHO建议每日盐的摄入量为不超过6g,而北方居民平均盐的摄入量为12g~18g。

2. 喝水太少

喝水少,尿量就少,药物和代谢废物(比如尿酸、草酸等)在肾脏的浓度升高,容易导致药物性肾损伤,草酸钙结石,尿酸性肾结石和高尿酸性肾病等。而多喝水,可以增加尿量,降低药物和代谢废物在肾脏的浓度,减轻对肾脏的伤害。此外,定期排尿,尿液的冲刷也是对尿路最好的保健,不容易发生尿路感染。不要等渴了再喝水,建议把喝水当成习惯,维持白天约2个小时一次排尿。

3. 长期饮酒

长期大量饮酒本身,以及饮酒的同时往往伴有高盐、高脂、高热量和高嘌呤饮食的摄入,导致高血压、糖尿病、高尿酸血症等,而长期高血压、糖尿病和高尿酸血症导致肾损伤。

4. 长期喝饮料

长期饮用可乐、果汁等果糖类饮料可导致血糖升高和血尿酸升高,果糖类饮料的升尿酸作用甚至比海鲜的升尿酸作用还要明显。长期的糖尿病和高尿酸血症导致肾损伤。

5. 每天大量肉食

我们常说的代谢废物比如肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸等都是肉食、海鲜等蛋白类食物的代谢产物,高蛋白、高嘌呤饮食对肾脏也是一个负担。

6. 滥用药物

这是老生常谈的问题了,目前药物导致的肾损伤有逐渐增多的趋势,损伤肾脏的药物有西药,也有中药和所谓的保健品。最常见的肾损害药物是非甾体类消炎药(止痛药、退烧药)、某些抗菌素、某些中药、造影剂等。最常见的情况是,稍有头痛脑热就服用安乃近、去痛片、散利痛等,如果再同时用上抗菌素,则容易发生急慢性肾衰竭。还有就是迷信中药无毒,不加节制的长期服用中药,结果白癜风没治好,治成了肾衰竭。

7. 肥胖

肥胖可导致肾脏病,这在儿童越来越多见。肥胖也是一种习惯,长期高热量饮食,不运动而导致肥胖。

8. 放任慢性感染

一些慢性肾脏病比如IgA肾病等就是反复呼吸道感染等诱发的自身免疫性肾损伤,某些患者对扁桃腺肿大、反复发作的慢性扁桃腺炎等不处理,形成反复的慢性感染,最后损伤肾脏。

9. 长期憋尿

长期憋尿可反射性抑制肾小球滤过,可引起血压升高;长期憋尿容易导致膀胱麻痹,男性易导致前列腺增生,诸多因素共同诱发尿路感染,反复的尿路感染可逆行性损伤肾脏。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325874, encodeId=58523258e469, content=学习了.以后肯定会注意, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20221028/11610bd349304a3a86a2c437d4cf0b47/30aeaebb323a43c193abde39a65e8ce0.jpg, createdBy=957a2221566, createdName=15991890016白熊, createdTime=Thu Jun 21 15:43:26 CST 2018, time=2018-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=320199, encodeId=ad8a32019994, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Thu May 31 07:22:06 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319997, encodeId=221c31999ede, content=真要少喝酒了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/C3272B371AC0413F804FC2C497E49FBF/100, createdBy=e61b2368932, createdName=Hous, createdTime=Wed May 30 14:27:44 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319993, encodeId=3a3631999314, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:23:58 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319985, encodeId=d466319985b3, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:06:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319969, encodeId=e0c831996977, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed May 30 12:48:14 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-21 15991890016白熊

    学习了.以后肯定会注意

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325874, encodeId=58523258e469, content=学习了.以后肯定会注意, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20221028/11610bd349304a3a86a2c437d4cf0b47/30aeaebb323a43c193abde39a65e8ce0.jpg, createdBy=957a2221566, createdName=15991890016白熊, createdTime=Thu Jun 21 15:43:26 CST 2018, time=2018-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=320199, encodeId=ad8a32019994, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Thu May 31 07:22:06 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319997, encodeId=221c31999ede, content=真要少喝酒了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/C3272B371AC0413F804FC2C497E49FBF/100, createdBy=e61b2368932, createdName=Hous, createdTime=Wed May 30 14:27:44 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319993, encodeId=3a3631999314, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:23:58 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319985, encodeId=d466319985b3, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:06:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319969, encodeId=e0c831996977, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed May 30 12:48:14 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-31 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=325874, encodeId=58523258e469, content=学习了.以后肯定会注意, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20221028/11610bd349304a3a86a2c437d4cf0b47/30aeaebb323a43c193abde39a65e8ce0.jpg, createdBy=957a2221566, createdName=15991890016白熊, createdTime=Thu Jun 21 15:43:26 CST 2018, time=2018-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=320199, encodeId=ad8a32019994, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Thu May 31 07:22:06 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319997, encodeId=221c31999ede, content=真要少喝酒了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/C3272B371AC0413F804FC2C497E49FBF/100, createdBy=e61b2368932, createdName=Hous, createdTime=Wed May 30 14:27:44 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319993, encodeId=3a3631999314, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:23:58 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319985, encodeId=d466319985b3, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Wed May 30 13:06:47 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319969, encodeId=e0c831996977, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed May 30 12:48:14 CST 2018, time=2018-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-30 Hous

    真要少喝酒了.

    0

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    2018-05-30 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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    2018-05-30 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-05-30 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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