Baidu
map

导致血肌酐升高的原因,你了解多少?

2018-06-29 李青 天津市泰达医院 李青大夫

肌酐是肌肉的代谢废物,主要经肾脏排泄,正常值为男 54-106μmoI/L,女 44-97μmol/L。由于血肌酐每天产生的量相对恒定,排泄途径也相对单一,肾功能正常者,即使血肌酐产生增多,肾小球也会通过增加排泄来保持血肌酐水平稳定。因此,血肌酐水平可基本反映肾小球的滤过能力,即肾功能。血肌酐升高就提示肾功能减退,或者说肾功能衰竭,那么,导致血肌酐升高的原因都有哪些呢,一起来看一下吧!

肌酐是肌肉的代谢废物,主要经肾脏排泄,正常值为男 54-106μmoI/L,女 44-97μmol/L。由于血肌酐每天产生的量相对恒定,排泄途径也相对单一,肾功能正常者,即使血肌酐产生增多,肾小球也会通过增加排泄来保持血肌酐水平稳定。因此,血肌酐水平可基本反映肾小球的滤过能力,即肾功能。血肌酐升高就提示肾功能减退,或者说肾功能衰竭,那么,导致血肌酐升高的原因都有哪些呢,一起来看一下吧!

许多原因均可导致血肌酐升高,既有肾脏原因也有肾外原因。以肾脏为基准,血肌酐升高的原因可分为肾前性、肾性和肾后性原因。

肾前性

各种原因导致流经肾脏的血液减少,肾脏血流灌注不足,血液中血肌酐、尿素氮等代谢废物不能有效的经过肾脏滤过而引起血肌酐升高。常见的原因有:

1. 有效循环血容量减少

急/慢性失血、休克导致血容量减少,肾脏灌注不足;

严重呕吐、腹泻、烧伤、大量利尿剂等导致体液丢失,循环血容量不足;

严重的低蛋白血症,循环中的液体大量渗透到血管外,导致有效循环血容量不足。

2. 心力衰竭

各种心脏病导致的心力衰竭,心搏能力下降,血液不能有效的流经肾脏滤过。

3. 肾血管病变

急性病变包括脓毒症、解热止痛药、肝肾综合征等导致肾血管急性收缩,肾脏血流灌注不足;慢性病变包括肾动脉粥样硬化导致的肾动脉狭窄,肾血流量减少。

4. 肾脏局部血供急剧减少

应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI,普利类降压药)或者血管紧张素受体阻断剂(ARB,沙坦类降压药)等,导致肾小球血流灌注不足。一般发生于同时合并有肾动脉狭窄或者肾脏整体血液灌注不足的情况下。

肾性

由肾脏疾病导致的血肌酐升高。人体两个肾脏大约有200多万个肾小球,少量的肾小球硬化坏死不会影响肾功能。但当各种原因导致的肾脏病迁延不愈,导致大约一半左右的肾小球硬化坏死时,血肌酐即可出现升高。

1. 肾小球疾病

原发性肾小球疾病:急性肾小球肾炎,急进性肾炎,慢性肾小球肾炎,原发性肾病综合征等;

继发性肾小球疾病:包括糖尿病肾病,高血压性肾脏病,过敏性紫癜肾炎,系统性红斑狼疮肾炎,系统性小血管炎肾炎,病毒相关性肾炎等。

2. 肾小管疾病

各种原因导致的急性、慢性肾小管坏死,包括:

失血性休克、心搏骤停等严重的肾缺血导致急性肾小管缺血性坏死;

氨基糖苷类抗菌素、造影剂、重金属、有机溶剂等药物导致的中毒性急、慢性肾小管坏死;

地震挤压、运动过量导致的严重肌肉损伤,大量肌红蛋白堵塞性肾小管坏死;

小龙虾导致的急性肾小管坏死;

溶血、疟疾等红细胞破坏形成的大量血红蛋白堵塞肾小管;

大量蛋白尿堵塞肾小管等。

3. 肾间质性疾病

解热镇痛药、抗菌素、许多中药等导致的急、慢性间质性肾炎或者急、慢性肾小管-间质性肾炎。

4. 严重感染

流行性出血热,细菌性心内膜炎等。

肾后性

各种原因引起的尿路梗阻导致尿液无法排出体外,反射性引起梗阻性肾病,肾脏滤过能力下降,导致的血肌酐升高,但肾脏血液供应正常,滤过功能正常。常见尿路梗阻的原因:输尿管结石、输尿管和膀胱肿瘤、前列腺增生、尿道血块、腹部肿瘤压迫输尿管、腹膜后纤维化压迫输尿管等。

小结

血肌酐升高有单一的因素,但临床上常见的是多因素共同作用的结果。一般来说,单纯急性血肌酐升高者消除病因后,血肌酐通常可恢复正常。慢性肾功能衰竭的血肌酐明显升高一般为不可逆性,积极治疗控制的目的是避免肾功能进一步加重、血肌酐进一步升高。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293421, encodeId=d60312934218a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d44810e5f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81075, encryptionId=1d44810e5f7, topicName=肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5a6b240, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1428887, encodeId=292f142888e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afdb89895bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89895, encryptionId=afdb89895bb, topicName=血肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79064143263, createdName=ying_wu, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328076, encodeId=ff013280e6eb, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat Jun 30 05:21:12 CST 2018, time=2018-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328012, encodeId=fe4b328012b4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 20:40:46 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328006, encodeId=a4093280068f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 19:28:41 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-01 俅侠
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293421, encodeId=d60312934218a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d44810e5f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81075, encryptionId=1d44810e5f7, topicName=肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5a6b240, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1428887, encodeId=292f142888e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afdb89895bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89895, encryptionId=afdb89895bb, topicName=血肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79064143263, createdName=ying_wu, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328076, encodeId=ff013280e6eb, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat Jun 30 05:21:12 CST 2018, time=2018-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328012, encodeId=fe4b328012b4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 20:40:46 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328006, encodeId=a4093280068f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 19:28:41 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-01 ying_wu
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293421, encodeId=d60312934218a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d44810e5f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81075, encryptionId=1d44810e5f7, topicName=肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5a6b240, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1428887, encodeId=292f142888e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afdb89895bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89895, encryptionId=afdb89895bb, topicName=血肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79064143263, createdName=ying_wu, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328076, encodeId=ff013280e6eb, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat Jun 30 05:21:12 CST 2018, time=2018-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328012, encodeId=fe4b328012b4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 20:40:46 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328006, encodeId=a4093280068f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 19:28:41 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-30 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293421, encodeId=d60312934218a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d44810e5f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81075, encryptionId=1d44810e5f7, topicName=肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5a6b240, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1428887, encodeId=292f142888e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afdb89895bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89895, encryptionId=afdb89895bb, topicName=血肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79064143263, createdName=ying_wu, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328076, encodeId=ff013280e6eb, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat Jun 30 05:21:12 CST 2018, time=2018-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328012, encodeId=fe4b328012b4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 20:40:46 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328006, encodeId=a4093280068f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 19:28:41 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-29 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1293421, encodeId=d60312934218a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d44810e5f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81075, encryptionId=1d44810e5f7, topicName=肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5a6b240, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1428887, encodeId=292f142888e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afdb89895bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肌酐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89895, encryptionId=afdb89895bb, topicName=血肌酐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79064143263, createdName=ying_wu, createdTime=Sun Jul 01 09:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328076, encodeId=ff013280e6eb, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat Jun 30 05:21:12 CST 2018, time=2018-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328012, encodeId=fe4b328012b4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 20:40:46 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=328006, encodeId=a4093280068f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 19:28:41 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-29 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

相关资讯

PLoS One:血肌酐可预测血透患者死亡风险

背景:高体重指数(BMI)与血液透析(HD)患者疗效较好相关。本研究旨在探讨血清肌酐(Cr)这种肌肉质量的标记物,是否可以改变HD患者BMI与死亡率和发病率的关系。方法:日本的研究者从日本透析治疗登记的全国性的数据库中获得数据,进行回顾性的研究。共入选患者119099例(年龄:65±12岁,HD的中位数时间为5.6年,男性占62%),研究者探讨了1年后BMI与死亡率和发病率的相关性。按照BMI将患

CJASN:HBV且ALT升高的患者易肾功能减退

  中国医学科学院北京协和医院肾内科李学旺教授等研究显示,感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)且丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)升高的患者,容易出现肾功能减退。相关论文8月2日在线发表于《美国肾病学会临床杂志》。   研究共纳入6854例年龄在30~75岁间的成人受试者,检测血清HBV表面抗原、ALT、血肌酐、尿蛋白/肌酐比值及慢性肾脏病(CKD)的危险因素。   结果显示,单纯的HBV感染或ALT水

妇女早期肾功能障碍可预测今后认知障碍

    慢性肾病已成为美国的流行病,部分原因是由于老年人的增加。已有许多文献详细报导过终末期肾病(ESRD)患者的认知障碍。早期肾功能不全(通过eGFR或蛋白尿反映)是否能够预测随后发生的认知功能下降,研究还比较少。为此,波士顿布里格姆和妇女医院肾内科的Imran Sajjad等做了一个研究(Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Mar;7(3):437-43

Eur Heart J:警惕心衰治疗中的“肾损伤”假象

肾损害在评估心衰患者预后方面具有十分重要的作用,研究显示,与肾功能正常的心衰患者相比,肾小球滤过率(GFR)降低的心衰患者死亡风险率显著升高,是前者的两倍,而且无论何种原因引发的 eGFR降低均与患者死亡率升高相关,增幅达 60%至 80%。 因此,越来越多的临床医生开始关注心衰患者的肾功能情况,但是如何鉴别诊断真正的心衰过程中的肾损伤尚需进一步讨论。 一、心衰肾功能定义问题多

BMJ:ACEI/ARB暴露后血肌酐升高与长期心肾结局相关?

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素受体阻断剂(ARB)是高血压、心衰、糖尿病微量白蛋白尿、蛋白尿肾病和心梗后常开具的处方药物。2017年3月,发表在《BMJ》的一项由英国和丹麦科学家进行的队列研究,考察阻断肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)后,血清肌酐升高与长期心肾风险的相关性。目的:考察开始ACEI/ARB治疗后,与肌酐浓度增加相关的长期心肾结局。设计:使用临床实践研究数据链和医院统计中

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map