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Nature Neuro:编码幸福和恐惧记忆的两个神经元群体被发现

2016-10-19 佚名 生物谷

人的情绪状态部分受到脑部杏仁核结构的控制,杏仁核结构主要负责处理一些积极情绪比如幸福感,以及消极情绪比如恐惧和焦虑。美国麻省理工学院的研究人员进行了一项新研究,发现情绪受到两个神经元群体的控制,这两个神经元群体负责编码快乐和恐惧记忆。除此之外,这些细胞群体之间还会相互抑制,表明这两个神经元群体的不平衡可能与抑郁以及创伤后精神失调等精神紊乱疾病有关。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Nature Neu


人的情绪状态部分受到脑部杏仁核结构的控制,杏仁核结构主要负责处理一些积极情绪比如幸福感,以及消极情绪比如恐惧和焦虑。

美国麻省理工学院的研究人员进行了一项新研究,发现情绪受到两个神经元群体的控制,这两个神经元群体负责编码快乐和恐惧记忆。除此之外,这些细胞群体之间还会相互抑制,表明这两个神经元群体的不平衡可能与抑郁以及创伤后精神失调等精神紊乱疾病有关。

相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Nature Neuroscience上。

在这项研究中研究人员证明他们能够在小鼠体内逆转记忆的情绪关联,为了实现这一点,他们在小鼠处于快乐体验的时候人为激活了已经储存了包含负面情绪的记忆的海马细胞,这样的处理方式削弱了恐惧情绪与原来记忆之间的关联性,用一种更加积极的情绪替换了恐惧情绪。

但是相同的策略对位于基底外侧杏仁核的神经元(BLA细胞)并不起作用,这表明这些神经元可能本身就负责编码恐惧或者快乐记忆。随后研究人员想要寻找一些基因差异,可以用来区分负责恐惧和负责奖赏的神经元群体,因此他们分析了BLA细胞中开启表达的所有基因,最后在负责编码快乐记忆的BLA细胞中发现了一个在负责编码恐惧记忆的细胞中不表达的基因。除此之外,他们还在负责编码恐惧记忆的细胞中找到了一个独特的标记基因。

这个与奖赏神经元有关的基因叫做ppp1r1b,其表达产物参与多巴胺信号途径,对于快乐情绪的形成是非常重要的。但是目前对于与恐惧神经元相关的基因rspo2的功能还不清楚。

而在解剖学上BLA区域也分为前后两部分,研究人员发现表达rspo的恐惧神经元细胞组成了前部区域,而表达ppp1r1b的奖赏神经元细胞组成了后部区域。

研究人员还借助光遗传技术证实了上述两群神经元细胞在记忆形成过程中发挥的重要作用。他们发现当表达rspo2的神经元受到抑制,小鼠不会形成恐惧记忆,而当表达ppp1r1b的神经元受到抑制,小鼠不会形成快乐记忆。研究人员还发现每一群神经元都能抑制另外一群神经元:当刺激奖赏神经元产生活性,恐惧神经元的活性就会受到抑制,反之亦然。这表明大脑始终在维持这两个神经元群体活性的平衡。

研究人员表示,这些结果加深了人们对于情绪记忆加工过程的理解,为未来进行情绪功能和功能失调的研究开启了新的大门。

原始出处

Joshua Kim, Michele Pignatelli, Sangyu Xu, Shigeyoshi Itohara & Susumu Tonegawa.Antagonistic negative and positive neurons of the basolateral amygdala.Nature Neuro.2016


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    2016-12-18 xjy13
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    2017-04-08 liye789132251
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