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Clin Nutrition:限制碳水化合物导致的体重减轻不会对2型糖尿病患者的生活质量和认知产生负面影响

2022-06-15 xuyihan MedSci原创

碳水化合物主要是来源于主食,是影响血糖的主要营养因素,碳水化合物根据对血糖的影响大小,分为高升糖指数食物、中升糖指数食物和低升糖指数食物。

改变生活方式是治疗2型糖尿病(T2D) 的基石,包括运动和限制卡路里的饮食,以实现减肥和改善血糖水平。然而,最近的研究表明,无论是在真热量、保持体重的条件下还是在导致体重减轻的低热量条件下,限制饮食中碳水化合物都比富含碳水化合物的饮食更能减轻高血糖和心血管疾病的危险因素。因此,限制饮食碳水化合物现在被认为是T2D个体的可行治疗策略。T2D 和肥胖与生活质量下降有关,当血糖控制不佳时,生活质量似乎会恶化,健康相关的生活质量 (HRQoL) 应该是 T2D 管理的核心。减少膳食碳水化合物摄入量对 HRQoL 的影响目前是未知的,因此,本项研究旨在评估饮食碳水化合物限制引起的体重减轻对2型糖尿病(T2D) 健康相关生活质量 (HRQoL) 和认知的影响。

在这项随机平行试验中,72名患有T2D和超重/肥胖(HbA 1c:57±8 mmol/mol 和 BMI:33±5 kg/m2)的成年人被随机分配到减少碳水化合物的高蛋白组饮食(CRHP:C30E%-P30E%-F40E%)或常规糖尿病饮食(CD:C50E%-P17E%-F33E%)维持6 周,目标是减轻 6% 的体重。HRQoL 通过简表 36 (SF-36) 问卷进行评估,包括身体和心理成分总结(PCS 和 MCS)评分;整体认知、言语记忆、注意力和精神运动速度以及执行功能均通过神经心理学测试组进行评估。

 

研究结果显示两个饮食组均实现了 5.8 kg 的体重减轻和PCS改善(CD: 2.7 [1.1; 4.2] vs. CRHP: 2.1 [0.7; 3.7])。CRHP饮食导致MCS的临床相关改善,尽管与 CD 饮食后的变化相比没有显着差异 (2.0 [-0.7; 4.8], p= 0.15)。整体认知、注意力和言语记忆不受 CRHP 饮食的影响,与CD饮食相比,CRHP 饮食选择性地恶化了评估精神运动速度的符号数字模态测试(-4.1 [-7.2;-1.1], p< 0.01)。

 

本项研究证实体重减轻可改善身体健康,与常量营养素分布无关,而心理健康和认知可能会受​到饮食中碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的影响。总的来说,通过适度限制碳水化合物来减轻体重对 T2D 患者的 HRQoL 和整体认知没有重要的影响。

原始出处:

Nicole JacquelineJensen. Et al. Weight-loss induced by carbohydrate restriction does not negatively affect health-related quality of life and cognition in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition.2022.

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    2022-06-14 yuanming9
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