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PNAS:HNF4a可能是结肠癌的新途径

2012-02-15 MedSci MedSci原创

一个由加州大学河滨分校(UCR)细胞生物学家带领的国际研究团队已经发现一个结肠癌的新见解,其中结肠癌是美国癌症相关死亡的第三大主要原因。此项研究给诊断和治疗此疾病提供了潜在的新途径。 由加州大学河滨分校的Frances Sladek和澳大利亚悉尼大学的Graham Robertson带领,该研究团队分析了约450个人结肠癌样本,并在近80%的样本中发现名为HNF4A的基因突变体失去平衡。 人类

一个由加州大学河滨分校(UCR)细胞生物学家带领的国际研究团队已经发现一个结肠癌的新见解,其中结肠癌是美国癌症相关死亡的第三大主要原因。此项研究给诊断和治疗此疾病提供了潜在的新途径。

由加州大学河滨分校的Frances Sladek和澳大利亚悉尼大学的Graham Robertson带领,该研究团队分析了约450个人结肠癌样本,并在近80%的样本中发现名为HNF4A的基因突变体失去平衡。

人类表达几个HNF4A基因突变体,分类为P1和P2突变体。一些象肝脏一样的组织只有一种类型突变体,但是结肠有P1和P2两种突变体。P1突变体在正常结肠的细胞核中,但在人结肠癌样本中这种突变体通常或者缺失或者位于细胞核外,并有可能不再具有功能。

使用人结肠癌细胞株和体外试验,研究人员发现人肿瘤组织中所观察到的这种不平衡似乎是一种复合物的结果,是因为一种Src激酶的多步骤过程的结果。已经知道Src激酶在结肠癌中被激活,但直到现在还不知道作用于HNF4a蛋白(HNF4A是基因,一段DNA;HNF4a是由HNF4A编码的蛋白)。UCR研究团队发现激活的 Scr修饰P1突变体但不修饰P2突变体。最后结果是结肠细胞核中P1突变体丧失。

此研究结果最近在线发表在期刊Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences上。

"结肠中核P1突变体HNF4a蛋白丧失可能是结肠癌的早期迹象", 细胞生物学教授与毒理学家Sladek解释说,"健康结肠有2个HNF4a突变体好但精妙的平衡。如果你能通过药物阻止P1突变体丧失,你可能能维持正常结肠并防止结肠癌"。

研究人员发现增加人对此疾病易感性的另一个因素:位于HNF4A基因内的特定"单核苷酸多态性"或SNP。一个SNP就是一个DNA序列变异,也就是基因组序列中解释我们在个体中所见变异的的一个次要变化。SNP是人遗传变异的最常见的类型。

"有特定SNP的个人可能对结肠癌更易感", 该研究的第一作者、Sladek 实验室的一名博士后研究人员Karthikeyani Chellappa说,"这是因为这些SNP导致大量变更和HNF4a被Scr更快降解,至少在基于细胞的实验中。然而,携带有这些SNP的个人是否确实对结肠更易感些还需要调查研究。

Sladek强调,已有用于抑制Src激酶活性的药物。

"这些药物中的一些在结肠癌的临床试验中",她说,"确定这些药物是否能维持P1 HNF4a蛋白水平也抑制Src激酶活性将很令人兴奋"。

一种受遗传学与环境影响的多因素疾病结肠癌开始时作为大肠(结肠)或直肠(结肠尾端)一个小息肉。尽管许多小息肉是良性的,一些确实可转变为癌性的。用适当的筛查,这种疾病能被及早检测出来,这时它是最能治疗的。

Sladek,Chellappa 和 Robertson均加入了这项研究,其中这项研究由面这些人员开展:UCR的Songqin Pan 和 Jake M. Schnabl,澳大利亚悉尼大学的Lucy Jankova,Caroline L-S. Fung,Charles Chan, Owen F. Dent 和 Stephen J. Clarke,法国伊尔基希遗传学/分子和细胞生物学研究所的Yann Brelivet。Robertson和研究团队的澳大利亚成员进行了人类肿瘤样本的所有分析。

这项研究得到NIH资助Sladek项目的部分支持。(生物谷bioon.com)

Src tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of nuclear receptor HNF4 correlates with isoform-specific loss of HNF4 in human colon cancer

K. Chellappa, L. Jankova, J. M. Schnabl, S. Pan, Y. Brelivet, C. L.-S. Fung, C. Chan, O. F. Dent, S. J. Clarke, G. R. Robertson, F. M. Sladek

ABSTRACT    Src tyrosine kinase has long been implicated in colon cancer but much remains to be learned about its substrates. The nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) has just recently been implicated in colon cancer but its role is poorly defined. Here we show that c-Src phosphorylates human HNF4α on three tyrosines in an interdependent and isoform-specific fashion. The initial phosphorylation site is a Tyr residue (Y14) present in the N-terminal A/B domain of P1- but not P2-driven HNF4α. Phospho-Y14 interacts with the Src SH2 domain, leading to the phosphorylation of two additional tyrosines in the ligand binding domain (LBD) in P1-HNF4α. Phosphomimetic mutants in the LBD decrease P1-HNF4α protein stability, nuclear localization and transactivation function. Immunohistochemical analysis of approximately 450 human colon cancer specimens (Stage III) reveals that P1-HNF4α is either lost or localized in the cytoplasm in approximately 80% of tumors, and that staining for active Src correlates with those events in a subset of samples. Finally, three SNPs in the human HNF4α protein, two of which are in the HNF4α F domain that interacts with the Src SH3 domain, increase phosphorylation by Src and decrease HNF4α protein stability and function, suggesting that individuals with those variants may be more susceptible to Src-mediated effects. This newly identified interaction between Src kinase and HNF4α has important implications for colon and other cancers.

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    2012-03-03 juliusluan78
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    2012-07-07 drwjr
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