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Lancet子刊:夜晚高温或使死亡风险增加40%-50%

2022-08-20 木子久 生物探索

气候变暖对健康的影响通常根据日平均温度来量化,然而,炎热的夜晚可能会导致额外的健康风险。

近日,多地高发高温天气,再加上前不久多地接连发生热射病死亡事件,对于高温天气,人们不可谓不担忧。而目前已知的高温给健康带来的诸多威胁,大多专注的是白天平均气温或者最高气温,并没有将夜晚高温对人体健康的威胁考虑进去。那夜晚高温究竟会对人体健康产生怎样的负面影响呢?

最近,复旦大学的研究团队联合韩国首尔大学以及日本东京大学的研究人员,通过一项东亚多中心未来气候变化模拟研究发现夜晚高温可额外增加居民死亡风险,并发现随着未来气候变暖,夜晚高温的频率和强度均将显著上升,进而大幅增加与热相关的疾病的负担

以上研究成果以“The effects of night-time warming on mortality burden under future climate change scenarios: a modelling study”为题发表在The Lancet Planetary Health上。

 

图片

图1 研究成果(图源:[1])

在这项研究中,研究人员分析了从1981年到2010年期间中国南部、中国北部、韩国以及日本四个区域中28个城市的历史死亡率数据,并通过EAR5-Land数据集提取了这28个城市的每小时气温序列,以量化当地对每日平均热量和夜间热量的暴露。此外,研究人员创新性地运用气温数据的时间插值和空间降尺度方法,计算出未来情景的日均温度以及夜晚热量强度变化。

研究基线结果显示,夜间热量强度与居民死亡风险之间存在显著的正相关性。即使是在日平均气温不变的情况下,与非高温夜晚相比,高温夜晚中居民的死亡风险仍要高出40-50%,这说明夜间高温对健康的影响很有可能独立于日均气温

研究人员还通过结合基线信息,对未来气候变化情景下夜间高温导致的死亡负担变化情况进行了模拟。最终,他们发现,即使在碳排放控制较为严格的情况下,以上这些研究区域内夜晚高温的发生频率仍会上升30%,平均强度将会上升超过50%,与夜间高温相关的死亡归因分数要超出日均温4.84%

此外,夜间高温还可能会干扰睡眠,而睡眠减少对健康的影响是多方面的,例如免疫系统受损、增加对心血管疾病的易感性、全身炎症、心理和认知损害等等。

人类活动已经改变了全球气候,作为全球气候变化的直接后果,极端高温条件可能会增加居民的死亡风险。根据有关高温的流行病学调查结果,很多研究预测,在各种气候变化背景下,与高温有关的疾病负担将会增加。

在过去的几十年中,尤其是一些高纬度地区,其每日最低气温的增幅已经大于气温。同时,城市地区的热岛效应可能会加剧夜间温度的增加。因此,未来全球许多地区夜间温度升高的幅度将超过白天温度升高幅度。到2100年代, 整个北半球暴露于夜间高温的总人口预计将增加到4至8倍。如此一来,高温对人体健康的负面影响不得不被重视起来。

参考资料:

[1]He C, Kim H, Hashizume M, et al. The effects of night-time warming on mortality burden under future climate change scenarios: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health. 2022 Aug;6(8):e648-e657. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00139-5. PMID: 35932785.

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    2023-05-28 howi
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    2022-08-20 younei

    lancet上果然牛,感谢梅斯更新及时

    0

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