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Kidney Int:肾脏3D成像在肾脏发育和疾病发展中的应用突破

2021-10-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

尽管3D成像在肾脏发育和成人肾脏结构及疾病方面取得了令人印象深刻的进展,但仍然可以相信,最好的组织清除和3D成像技术尚未问世,这也是一个值得期待的领域。

每个正常人肾脏的总肾单位数从大约20万到200多万不等,平均约为100万。这些肾单位以及肾脏的其他组成部分,包括集合管、血管、间质和神经纤维,在显微解剖学上排列得非常精确,这种精确的模式支撑着肾脏的正常功能和健康,当组织结构因肾小球或肾小管的肥大或收缩、肾单位丢失、先天性异常、血管狭窄和间质纤维化而改变时,肾脏功能和人体健康就会受到严重影响。

一系列成像方法有助于我们全面了解发育过程中以及健康和患病成人肾脏的肾脏显微解剖。在大多数情况下,这种理解来自于对二维(2D)截面的分析,无论是光学、电子显微镜物理截面还是共焦光学截面。

近年来组织学及新型三维成像方式的快速发展为肾脏的结构和功能提供了新的认识。例如,在肾脏的发育中,这些方法为输尿管分支形态发生、肾元祖细胞增殖和作用、输尿管尖细胞和祖细胞之间的相互作用以及肾单位分割的建立提供了新的认识。在成年小鼠肾脏中,组织清除结合薄层显微镜可以成像和量化肾小球的总数,这是该领域的一个重大突破。

类似的方法为肾血管和神经支配结构、肾小管间质重塑、足细胞缺失和肥大、囊肿形成、细胞新月形的进化和肾小球滤过屏障的结构提供了新的见解。随着更多的研究人员开发和采用更多的清除和成像技术,在理解肾脏生物学和病理学方面可以期待更多的进展。

肾脏发育的可视化和量化

虽然3D技术有了一定的发展,但也包含一些实际限制,如成像硬件的成本,以及处理、存储和分析大型数据集的困难。其他限制是由于组织染色缺乏再现性,受固定条件和抗体标记的不同影响。因此,需要对新的3D分析进行严格评估,并与现有方法进行比较。尽管3D成像在肾脏发育和成人肾脏结构及疾病方面取得了令人印象深刻的进展,但仍然可以相信,最好的组织清除和3D成像技术尚未问世,这也是一个值得期待的领域。

参考文献: Puelles V G , Combes A N , Bertram J F . Clearly imaging and quantifying the kidney in 3D[J]. Kidney International, 2021(9).

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    2021-10-19 neurowu
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    2021-10-19 gwc389
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