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Science:首次在活体细胞中观察到单个mRNA分子的翻译过程

2016-05-08 佚名 生物谷Bioon.com

图片来源:www.phys.org 近日,刊登在国际杂志Science上的一项研究报告中,来自爱因斯坦医学院 ( Albert Einstein College of Medicine)的研究人员利用一种特殊技术在活体哺乳动物细胞中首次观察到了翻译成为蛋白质的单个信使RNA分子(mRNA),这对于后期科学家们进行神经变性疾病及癌症等多种人类疾病的研究或将带来一定思路。 研究者Robert

图片来源:www.phys.org

近日,刊登在国际杂志Science上的一项研究报告中,来自爱因斯坦医学院 ( Albert Einstein College of Medicine)的研究人员利用一种特殊技术在活体哺乳动物细胞中首次观察到了翻译成为蛋白质的单个信使RNA分子(mRNA),这对于后期科学家们进行神经变性疾病及癌症等多种人类疾病的研究或将带来一定思路。

研究者Robert Singer表示,翻译是机体中将mRNA信息转化成为蛋白质的基本过程,通过全基因组研究我们知道,转录可以控制细胞中蛋白质的水平,而细胞中蛋白质的丰度对于细胞功能的发挥非常重要,利用新型技术研究人员最终揭示了调节蛋白质翻译的机制,同时也为深入解析疾病发病机制提供了一定研究数据。

文章中研究人员首次在人类骨肉瘤癌细胞和小鼠神经元细胞中观察到了单个mRNA的翻译情况,尤其是在小鼠神经元中,研究者发现了mRNA翻译的一种前所未有的现象。神经元可以非常紧密地控制蛋白质的合成,因为神经传输依赖于在突触中蛋白质的精确合成,而在突触位置神经元就可以形成回路。翻译活性的爆发或许可以帮助神经元有效控制蛋白产生的水平和位置,因此这项研究对于揭示诸如脆性X染色体综合征等智力障碍的发病机制非常关键。

此外研究者在癌细胞中还获得了重大发现,癌细胞可以表现出惊人的能力来调节癌细胞中mRNA的翻译,mRNA的翻译是癌细胞中的一项持续性过程,而这些蛋白的产生对于癌细胞分裂而言又非常重要。基于当前的研究数据,研究者就可以在一定的水平下来对引发疾病的蛋白异常情况进行深入探究。

早在1998年,研究者Singer实验室就首次成功在活细胞中观察到了单分子的mRNA,而本文中研究者正是采用了这项技术。对于编码肌动蛋白的mRNA而言,研究者将编码红色荧光蛋白的mRNA同膜靶向序列mRNA相连接来帮助mRNA分子寻找进入内质网的路线,这种包裹组装后的mRNA分子就可以通过反转录病毒插入到细胞中,随着mRNA分子分不到内质网上,每一种mRNA分子就会合成新生肽来同内质网紧密相连。

最后研究者Wu表示,本文研究中我们利用了1998年研究者Singer开发的一种技术,对编码单链抗体进行遗传性操作使其同绿色荧光蛋白融合来识别并且同新生蛋白相结合,从而使得新生蛋白可见;这项研究首次观察到了神经元细胞和癌细胞中单个mRNA分子的翻译,而该技术或许可以被用于后期不同类型细胞中蛋白质翻译的相关研究。

原始出处:

Bin Wu1,2, Carolina Eliscovich1, Young J. Yoon1, Robert H. Singer1,2,3,* Translation dynamics of single mRNAs in live cells and neurons.Science.doi:10.1126/science.aaf1084

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    2016-05-10 jichang
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