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Cell:新型冠状病毒感染入侵细胞关键靶标被发现!

2020-02-29 Cell期刊 Cell期刊

 一项最新的研究发现,新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)利用SARS-CoV受体ACE2进入细胞,并利用丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2激活S蛋白,其感染可被一种已经过临床验证的蛋白酶抑制剂阻断。TMPRSS2的蛋白酶帮助SARS病毒结合的是细胞表面的ACE2受体。该研究由德国灵长类动物研究中心、哥廷根大学生物和心理学系以及柏林卫生研究院病毒中心合作开展,于2020年2月27日在线发表在Cell

一项最新的研究发现,新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)利用SARS-CoV受体ACE2进入细胞,并利用丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2激活S蛋白,其感染可被一种已经过临床验证的蛋白酶抑制剂阻断。TMPRSS2的蛋白酶帮助SARS病毒结合的是细胞表面的ACE2受体。

该研究由德国灵长类动物研究中心、哥廷根大学生物和心理学系以及柏林卫生研究院病毒中心合作开展,于2020年2月27日在线发表在Cell Press细胞出版社旗下期刊Cell《细胞》上,题为“SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically-proven protease inhibitor”。该研究对新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染机制提供了更深刻的见解,正在肆虐的病毒感染提供了一种新的的治疗选择,亦为控制病毒的传播提供了启示。

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)近期的传播构成了全球卫生紧急情况。冠状病毒进入细胞依赖于病毒刺突蛋白(S)与细胞受体的结合,并通过宿主细胞蛋白酶激活S蛋白。阐明SARS-CoV-2利用哪些细胞因子进入细胞,有可能对防止病毒传播提供启示,揭示治疗靶标。

在此,本研究证明了SARS-CoV-2利用SARS-CoV受体ACE2进入细胞,利用丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2激活S蛋白。作者发现一种批准用于临床的TMPRSS2抑制剂可阻止病毒进入细胞,为治疗提供了新的选择。最后,研究结果显示了来自恢复期SARS患者的血清可交叉中和SARS-2-S驱动的病毒进入。揭示了SARS-CoV-2和SARS-CoV感染之间的重要共性,并鉴定出一种抗病毒潜在靶标。

 图1图1

  此前的研究发现,冠状病毒的S蛋白有助于介导病毒进入宿主细胞。位于S蛋白表面的S1亚基与细胞受体的结合,帮助病毒附着至宿主细胞的表面。此外,来自于宿主细胞的蛋白酶在S1/S2和S2‘位点切割并激活S蛋白。在S2亚基驱动下,病毒和宿主细胞发生膜融合(图1A)。SARS-S以血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)作为进入受体[1],并利用细胞丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2激活S蛋白[2][3][4],SARS-S和SARS-2-S具有约76%的氨基酸序列相似性。但目前仍不清楚SARS-2-S是否也像SARS-S一样利用ACE2和TMPRSS2进入宿主细胞。

  研究介绍

  1。 SARS-2-S在人源细胞内被有效水解

  为了了解SARS-2-S如何进入细胞,并进一步为如何阻止该过程提供理论基础。作者首先检测了SARS-2-S是否可以在人源细胞系293T中稳定表达。由于某些冠状病毒S蛋白在S1/S2位点可以被宿主细胞的蛋白酶切割,继而验证SARS-2是否同样存在细胞内水解过程(图1A)。对表达具有C端抗原标签的SARS-2-S蛋白的293T细胞进行免疫印迹分析,发现一条与完整S蛋白(S0)分子量一致的条带(图1B)。在细胞中还能观察到一条具有S蛋白S2亚基预期分子量的条带(图1B),这种条带在带有SARS-2-S的水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)颗粒中能更显著地观察到。而在表达SARS-S的细胞和颗粒中,基本上不存在S2信号(图1B),这与先前的研究一致[2][5]。这些结果显示人细胞可以高效地水解加工SARS-2-S,这与SARS-2-S S1/S2剪切位点包含并不存在于SARS-S的数个精氨酸残基位点一致(图1A)。与之不同的是,SARS-2-S和SARS-S的S2’剪切位点比较相似。

2 SARS-2-S和SARS-S介导病毒进入相似的细胞系

此前的研究发现,承载冠状病毒S蛋白的复制缺陷型VSV颗粒可以忠实的反应冠状病毒进入宿主细胞的关键方面[6]。作者采用承载SARS-2-S的VSV假型病毒来研究SARS-CoV-2的入胞。SARS-2-S和SARS-S都可以高效的整合进VSV颗粒(图1B),这使得可以对两者一起进行比较,尽管S1亚基的整合还需要进一步证明。作者首先利用一系列已经过透彻鉴定的人源或动物源细胞系来分析SARS-2-S的易侵入细胞系。承载泛嗜性病毒糖蛋白的VSV颗粒符合预期得可以侵入所有细胞系(图1C和图S1)。SARS-S可以介导VSV颗粒侵入大部分人源细胞系和动物源的Vero和MDCKII细胞系(图1C)。此外,与SARS-S相比,SARS-2-S可以介导进入相同的细胞系(图1C),表明两者入胞受体选择上的相似性。

3 SARS-CoV-2利用SARS-CoV受体进入宿主细胞

为了阐明为什么SARS-S和SARS-2-S介导病毒进入相同的细胞系,作者接下来研究了SARS-2-S是否包含与ACE2(SARS-S进入受体)相互作用所需的氨基酸残基。

序列分析显示,SARS-CoV-2与蝙蝠的SARS-CoV相关病毒(SARSr-CoV)聚簇,其中一些(但非全部)可以利用ACE2进入宿主细胞。分析受体结合基序(RBM),即与ACE2接触的受体结合域(RBD)的一部分[7],作者发现大多数SARS-S结合ACE2所必需的氨基酸残基在SARS-2-S中均保守。相比之下,以前发现的不使用ACE2进入的SARSr-CoV的S蛋白则几乎没有这些残基[8][9][10]

图2图2

与这些发现相符的是,在原本不易感的BHK-21细胞中表达人源或蝙蝠来源的ACE2可以使SARS-2-S以及SARS-S病毒进入该细胞系(图2A),而表达人源DPP4(MERS-CoV使用的细胞进入受体)[11]或人源APN(HCoV- 229E使用的细胞进入受体)[12]却不能介导SARS-2-S或SARS的进入。并且,针对人ACE2的抗血清能够阻断SARS-S和SARS-2-S,而非VSV-G-或MERS-S驱动的细胞进入(图2B)。最后,被转染ACE2质粒的BHK-21细胞可高效感染SARS-CoV-2病毒(图2C),这表明SARS-2-S与SARS-S一样,利用ACE2作为进入细胞的受体。

  4。 细胞丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2通过激活SARS-2-S介导SARS-CoV-2病毒进入细胞,丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂可阻断病毒感染肺细胞

  接下来,作者检测了SARS-CoV-2进入细胞的蛋白酶依赖性。此前的研究发现,SARS-CoV可以利用宿主细胞核内的半胱氨酸蛋白酶——组织蛋白酶B和L(CatB / L)[13]和丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2[2][3][4]在细胞系中激活S蛋白。若要强烈阻断病毒进入宿主,必须同时抑制两种蛋白酶[14]。但只有TMPRSS2的活性对于病毒在感染宿主中的传播和发病必不可少,而CatB / L的活性则可有可无[15-18]。

为了确定SARS-CoV-2是否可以使用CatB / L进入细胞,作者先使用氯化铵作为阻断剂进行了研究。氯化铵能提高内体pH值,从而阻断CatB / L的活性。作者对293T细胞(TMPRSS2-,转染ACE2)和Caco-2细胞(TMPRSS2+)进行进一步研究。

结果显示,氯化铵阻断了VSV-G介导进入两种细胞系,而由Nipah病毒F和G蛋白介导入胞过程则不受影响,这与Nipah病毒能与宿主细胞膜融合质膜而VSV不能的研究结果保持一致[19]。氯化铵处理强烈抑制了SARS-2-S和SARS-S介导进入TMPRSS2- 293T细胞的过程,表明二者都具有CatB / L依赖性。与293T细胞相比,抑制进入TMPRSS2 + Caco-2细胞的效率则较低,这符合SARS-CoV-2在Caco-2细胞中通过TMPRSS2激活SARS-2-S的推断。

图3图3

另一种经过临床验证的阻断剂——丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂卡莫司他具有抗TMPRSS2的活性[14]在实验中,它可部分阻断SARS-2-S介导进入Caco-2和Vero-TMPRSS2细胞的过程。当同时施加卡莫司他和Cat-B / L抑制剂E-64d时,可达到完全阻断的效果(图3A),表明SARS-2-S可以同时使用CatB / L和TMPRSS2在这些细胞系中激活。相比之下,卡莫司他不会干扰SARS-2-S介导进入TMPRSS2- 293T和Vero细胞系的过程(图3A),后者可被E-64d有效地阻断因此是CatB / L依赖的。更进一步地,在细胞中表达TMPRSS2可以抵消E-64d对于SARS-2-S介导入胞过程的抑制作用(图3B),这证实了SARS-2-S可利用TMPRSS2激活S蛋白。

接下来,作者们分析了SARS-CoV-2肺细胞感染是否需要TMPRSS2。卡莫司他显著降低了MERS-S、SARS-S和SARS-2-S介导进入肺细胞系Calu-3的过程,但没有影响VSV-G介导入胞(图3C),且未产生细胞毒性。类似地,卡莫司他处理则能够显著降低SARS-CoV-2对Calu-3的感染(图3D)。最后,卡莫司他处理抑制了SARS-S和SARS-2-S介导进入人原代肺细胞的过程,而不抑制VSV-G介导入胞(图3E)。

综上,SARS-CoV-2可利用MPRSS2激活S蛋白,而TMPRSS2的抑制剂卡莫司他则可阻止SARS-CoV-2感染肺细胞。

6 SARS-CoV抗体可交叉中和SARS-CoV-2

图4图4

恢复期的SARS患者表现出针对病毒S蛋白的中和抗体应答[20]。作者调查了此类抗体是否能够阻断SARS-2-S驱动的细胞进入。结果显示,从三名康复期SARS患者中获得的四份血清以浓度依赖性方式抑制SARS-S而非VSV-G驱动的进入(图4)。此外,这些血清还减少了SARS-2-S介导入胞的过程,尽管与SARS-S相比效率较低(图4)。类似地,针对SARS-S的S1亚基产生的兔血清高效地降低了SARS-S和SARS-2-S介导入胞的过程,并且对抑制SARS-S更有效。因此,在感染或疫苗接种期间针对SARS-S产生的抗体反应可能会在一定程度上提供针对SARS-CoV-2感染的保护。

研究人员们指出新冠病毒的传播可能还取决于TMPRSS2的活性,而抑制TMPRSS2活性的卡莫司他(camostat mesylate)已经在日本获批上市,尽管获批的适应症为慢性胰腺炎,但是在研究中,表现具有抗病毒的潜力,以考虑利用该化合物或相关化合物来治疗感染新冠病毒的患者。

不过,卡莫司他抑制新冠病毒的浓度偏高了,需要在100umol/L左右,在体内可能很难达到这个水平。


TMPRSS2是帮助新冠病毒进入靶细胞的关键蛋白酶

 camostat mesylate

关于卡莫司他

本品为非肽类蛋白酶抑制剂,对胰蛋白酶、激肽释放酶、纤维蛋白溶酶、凝血酶、补体第一成分酯酶有很强的抑制作用。口服后迅速作用于激肽生成系统、纤维蛋白溶酶系统、凝血系统及补体系统,抑制这些系统的酶活性异常亢进,从而抑制慢性胰腺炎的炎症,缓解疼痛,降低淀粉酶值。用于慢性胰腺炎急性症状的缓解。

原始出处:

SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically-proven protease inhibitor.DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
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#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636201, encodeId=ad5d1636201c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26eb3092232' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30922, encryptionId=26eb3092232, topicName=冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53a422597656, createdName=zjshifan_98647313, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 19:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871593, encodeId=b3de18e159328, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Oct 01 02:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840224, encodeId=1ad218402246a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e4158186f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58186, encryptionId=5e4158186f7, topicName=新型冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sat Aug 29 05:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961886, encodeId=c3271961886b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 12:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352856, encodeId=4cbe1352856f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 02 03:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379911, encodeId=cffa3e9911dc, content=发现致病机制,可有利于治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43a21971117, createdName=njwbhuang, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:57:35 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379910, encodeId=6d5c3e991013, content=卡莫司他浓度太高了,特异性还不够。但至少可以虚拟筛药了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:53:59 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379909, encodeId=33f83e990981, content=科研进展超快呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:52:51 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636201, encodeId=ad5d1636201c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26eb3092232' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30922, encryptionId=26eb3092232, topicName=冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53a422597656, createdName=zjshifan_98647313, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 19:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871593, encodeId=b3de18e159328, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Oct 01 02:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840224, encodeId=1ad218402246a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e4158186f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58186, encryptionId=5e4158186f7, topicName=新型冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sat Aug 29 05:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961886, encodeId=c3271961886b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 12:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352856, encodeId=4cbe1352856f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 02 03:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379911, encodeId=cffa3e9911dc, content=发现致病机制,可有利于治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43a21971117, createdName=njwbhuang, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:57:35 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379910, encodeId=6d5c3e991013, content=卡莫司他浓度太高了,特异性还不够。但至少可以虚拟筛药了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:53:59 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379909, encodeId=33f83e990981, content=科研进展超快呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:52:51 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636201, encodeId=ad5d1636201c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26eb3092232' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30922, encryptionId=26eb3092232, topicName=冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53a422597656, createdName=zjshifan_98647313, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 19:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871593, encodeId=b3de18e159328, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Oct 01 02:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840224, encodeId=1ad218402246a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e4158186f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58186, encryptionId=5e4158186f7, topicName=新型冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sat Aug 29 05:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961886, encodeId=c3271961886b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 12:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352856, encodeId=4cbe1352856f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 02 03:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379911, encodeId=cffa3e9911dc, content=发现致病机制,可有利于治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43a21971117, createdName=njwbhuang, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:57:35 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379910, encodeId=6d5c3e991013, content=卡莫司他浓度太高了,特异性还不够。但至少可以虚拟筛药了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:53:59 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379909, encodeId=33f83e990981, content=科研进展超快呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:52:51 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636201, encodeId=ad5d1636201c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26eb3092232' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30922, encryptionId=26eb3092232, topicName=冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53a422597656, createdName=zjshifan_98647313, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 19:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871593, encodeId=b3de18e159328, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Oct 01 02:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840224, encodeId=1ad218402246a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e4158186f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58186, encryptionId=5e4158186f7, topicName=新型冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sat Aug 29 05:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961886, encodeId=c3271961886b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 12:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352856, encodeId=4cbe1352856f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 02 03:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379911, encodeId=cffa3e9911dc, content=发现致病机制,可有利于治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43a21971117, createdName=njwbhuang, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:57:35 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379910, encodeId=6d5c3e991013, content=卡莫司他浓度太高了,特异性还不够。但至少可以虚拟筛药了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:53:59 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379909, encodeId=33f83e990981, content=科研进展超快呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:52:51 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-28 维他命
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636201, encodeId=ad5d1636201c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26eb3092232' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30922, encryptionId=26eb3092232, topicName=冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53a422597656, createdName=zjshifan_98647313, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 19:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871593, encodeId=b3de18e159328, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Oct 01 02:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840224, encodeId=1ad218402246a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e4158186f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58186, encryptionId=5e4158186f7, topicName=新型冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sat Aug 29 05:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961886, encodeId=c3271961886b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 12:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352856, encodeId=4cbe1352856f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 02 03:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379911, encodeId=cffa3e9911dc, content=发现致病机制,可有利于治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43a21971117, createdName=njwbhuang, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:57:35 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379910, encodeId=6d5c3e991013, content=卡莫司他浓度太高了,特异性还不够。但至少可以虚拟筛药了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:53:59 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379909, encodeId=33f83e990981, content=科研进展超快呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:52:51 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-03-02 zhaojie88
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636201, encodeId=ad5d1636201c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26eb3092232' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30922, encryptionId=26eb3092232, topicName=冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53a422597656, createdName=zjshifan_98647313, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 19:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871593, encodeId=b3de18e159328, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Oct 01 02:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840224, encodeId=1ad218402246a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e4158186f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58186, encryptionId=5e4158186f7, topicName=新型冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sat Aug 29 05:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961886, encodeId=c3271961886b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 12:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352856, encodeId=4cbe1352856f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 02 03:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379911, encodeId=cffa3e9911dc, content=发现致病机制,可有利于治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43a21971117, createdName=njwbhuang, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:57:35 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379910, encodeId=6d5c3e991013, content=卡莫司他浓度太高了,特异性还不够。但至少可以虚拟筛药了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:53:59 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379909, encodeId=33f83e990981, content=科研进展超快呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:52:51 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-02-29 njwbhuang

    发现致病机制,可有利于治疗。

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636201, encodeId=ad5d1636201c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26eb3092232' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30922, encryptionId=26eb3092232, topicName=冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53a422597656, createdName=zjshifan_98647313, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 19:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871593, encodeId=b3de18e159328, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Oct 01 02:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840224, encodeId=1ad218402246a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e4158186f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型冠状病毒感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58186, encryptionId=5e4158186f7, topicName=新型冠状病毒感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Sat Aug 29 05:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961886, encodeId=c3271961886b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Apr 28 12:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1352856, encodeId=4cbe1352856f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=827d9996311' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靶标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99963, encryptionId=827d9996311, topicName=靶标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Mar 02 03:16:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379911, encodeId=cffa3e9911dc, content=发现致病机制,可有利于治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43a21971117, createdName=njwbhuang, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:57:35 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379910, encodeId=6d5c3e991013, content=卡莫司他浓度太高了,特异性还不够。但至少可以虚拟筛药了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:53:59 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379909, encodeId=33f83e990981, content=科研进展超快呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Feb 29 12:52:51 CST 2020, time=2020-02-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-02-29 lovetcm

    卡莫司他浓度太高了,特异性还不够。但至少可以虚拟筛药了

    0

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    2020-02-29 lovetcm

    科研进展超快呀

    0

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