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JAMA Oncol:免疫治疗前使用抗生素,或显著降低癌症患者的生存率

2019-09-23 佚名 中国生物技术网

近日一项研究发现,接受免疫治疗的癌症患者如果近期使用过抗生素的话,病情将更加糟糕,并导致其治疗效果和生存率显着下降。

近日一项研究发现,接受免疫治疗的癌症患者如果近期使用过抗生素的话,病情将更加糟糕,并导致其治疗效果和生存率显着下降。该研究结果来自对英国近200名癌症患者使用称为检查点抑制剂的免疫治疗,这是NHS(英国国民医疗服务体系)癌症患者标准治疗途径的一部分。

在这项研究中,研究人员发现,在开始治疗前一个月接受广谱抗生素治疗的患者对免疫治疗的反应明显较差。与在免疫治疗中同时使用抗生素或完全不使用抗生素的患者相比,免疫治疗前的抗生素治疗与总体生存率降低相关,而且患者的癌症病情有可能进一步恶化。

研究人员认为,这可能是因为抗生素破坏了肠道微生物组的平衡,而这反过来会影响免疫系统。这项前瞻性研究由英国帝国理工学院领导,近日已发表在《JAMA Oncology》上,该研究强调了抗生素治疗时机的重要性以及进一步研究其作用机制的必要性。

研究人员表示,该研究结果有可能影响临床实践,包括为即将接受免疫治疗的癌症患者提供更加慎重的抗生素治疗。

研究通讯作者、帝国理工学院外科与癌症系David Pinato博士说:“癌症免疫治疗对大约20%的患者有效,但很难预测谁会对治疗有反应。这项研究进一步证实抗生素会影响免疫治疗。我们已经证明,如果在治疗开始前使用抗生素,那么患者对治疗的反应和生存率都会显着下降。“

免疫反应

在该研究中,研究团队观察了196名接受免疫治疗的患者,这些患者都是在帝国理工学院医疗保健中心等医疗机构接受常规治疗的。他们的癌症包括非小细胞肺癌、黑色素瘤、头颈癌和其他恶性肿瘤。所有患者都接受了免疫检查点抑制剂治疗,这种疗法破坏了癌细胞“隐藏”自己的能力,使身体的免疫细胞能够靶向并摧毁肿瘤。

图片来源:《JAMA Oncology》

研究人员分析了患者在开始免疫治疗前30天内,或者在治疗期间是否接受过广谱抗生素治疗,如呼吸道感染是选择最常见的抗生素治疗。

结果显示,有26名患者在免疫治疗前接受过抗生素治疗,有68名患者在治疗期间接受抗生素治疗,免疫治疗后的平均生存期为14.6个月。

然而分析显示,在免疫治疗开始前使用抗生素的患者总体生存中位数仅有两个月,而在治疗前未使用抗生素的患者为26个月。研究人员在所有癌症类型中都发现了类似的效果。

图片来源:《JAMA Oncology》

在免疫治疗前使用抗生素的患者对免疫疗法的反应较差,其原发疾病的进展速度几乎是正常水平的两倍。该研究还表明,这种现象与使用的抗生素类别无关。该组患者使用的抗生素包括β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、磺胺类、四环素类、氨基糖苷类和硝基咪唑类。

关键时机

研究人员认为,迫切地需要更多的研究来了解降低治疗反应和生存率的机制。

Pinato博士补充说:“我们知道,给患者使用抗生素会影响他们的微生物组,降低了菌群的多样性,导致人体的免疫反应受到影响。而且越来越多的证据表明,抗生素会影响治疗效果。重要的是,需要抗生素治疗细菌感染的患者必须接受他们需要的药物,但是这些发现表明,在为某些患者选择治疗方案时,我们应该更加慎重,尤其对于要接受癌症免疫治疗的患者,我们是否需要为其提高开具抗生素处方的门槛。”

研究团队同时也强调了该研究的一些局限性,包括患者数量较少,以及缺乏对肠道微生物组变化的直接观察。他们还补充说,尚未完全考虑患者可能同时患有其他疾病(合并症)对生存率产生影响。然而,他们仍然对这种联系充满信心,并且需要进一步的研究来扩大这些发现。

原始出处:David J. Pinato, MD, MRes, PhD1,2; Sarah Howlett, MD2;et al. Association of Prior Antibiotic Treatment With Survival and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Cancer. JAMA Oncol. September 12, 2019.

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    2020-05-03 minlingfeng
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    2019-09-23 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-09-23 anti-cancer

    谢谢梅斯分享这么多精彩信息

    0

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我国肝癌发病率高,发病例数约占全球总例数的一半以上。与其他瘤种相比,肝癌的治疗效果较差,一直是肿瘤治疗中的难点。晚期肝癌现在以药物治疗为主,但传统的化疗和靶向治疗疗效相对有限,近年来,免疫治疗的出现为肝癌的治疗注入了新的希望。有幸邀请到四川大学华西医院的毕锋教授就晚期肝癌的免疫治疗现状及其前景做一专访。

孙惠川教授:肝癌外科进展可圈可点,免疫治疗用于辅助/新辅助治疗大有前途

肝癌外科治疗已是比较成熟的治疗方法,作为治疗水平领先世界的中国肝癌外科,近1年来仍取得了可喜的进展,而且,免疫治疗的蓬勃发展,亦有可能在肝癌术前术后的治疗中发挥重要的作用。

免疫治疗毒性的十大问题

免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICPis)在肿瘤领域中取得了重大进展,目前FDA批准的ICPi主要针对细胞毒T细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CTLA4)和程序性死亡受体(programmed death-1 receptor, PD-1)及其配体PD-L1(programme

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