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Science:从不同角度告诉我们,癌症免疫疗法在什么情况下才能取得显著效果?

2018-01-05 佚名 生物通

临床上只有20%患者能对免疫疗法产生应答,究竟哪些人能从中受益?如何扩大免疫疗法的受众范围?


临床上只有20%患者能对免疫疗法产生应答,究竟哪些人能从中受益?如何扩大免疫疗法的受众范围?

免疫疗法在什么情况下才能取得显著效果?这是普通癌症患者最渴望知道的一个朴素信息。

过去几年,癌症免疫疗法的发展非常迅速:从最开始发现人类免疫系统能抑制癌症生长,到后来,发现免疫机制对癌细胞的多重作用,再到临床试验,癌症免疫疗法争论不休,同时也连创成果。

遗憾的是,临床上只有20%患者能对免疫疗法产生应答,究竟哪些人能从中受益?如何扩大免疫疗法的受众范围?2018年1月4日顶级学术杂志《Science》发表了两篇文章,公布了一些潜在的新药物靶点,很可能将扩大免疫治疗受益人群,为更多肿瘤患者带来福音。

美国丹娜法伯癌症研究院(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)和Harvard-MIT Broad研究所等研究机构联合发表题为“Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint therapies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma”和“A major chromatin regulator determines resistance of tumor cells to T cell–mediated killing”两篇文章。

两个研究小组从不同角度出发,一致发现一组被称为“染色质重塑复合物(chromatin remodeling complex,SWI/SNF)”的DNA包装压缩调节蛋白,通过自身变化严格控制免疫检查点阻断。ARID2、PBRM1和 BRD7等基因参与复合物不同组件编码。SWI/SNF可打开紧密缠绕在一起的DNA,使特定基因能被读取、激活和转录。

第一篇文章,Dana-Farber研究所泌尿生殖肿瘤中心主任Eliezer Van Allen等人发现了PD-1检查点抑制剂免疫疗法对部分“透明细胞肾细胞癌(clear cell renal cell cancer, ccRCC)”转移肾癌患者有效的原因。

事实上,ccRCC与黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌和特定类型的结直肠癌不同,后者的癌细胞通常含有大量基因突变,从免疫疗法的原理来看,大量突变意味着更多特异性“新抗原(neoantigens)”,因此更利于患者的免疫系统对它们进行识别和攻击。相反,ccRCC的肾癌细胞很少携带突变,但仍有很多晚期ccRCC患者对免疫疗法反应良好。

为了鉴定部分ccRCC肿瘤响应免疫疗法深层原因,帮助其他癌症患者,研究人员使用全基因组DNA测序分析了35名接受nivolumab (获批检查点阻断药物)治疗的患者肿瘤样本,同时也分析了另外一组接受类似药物治疗的65名转移性ccRCC患者的组织样本。

科学家们发现,接受免疫治疗后,生存期和无疾病进展生存期明显延长的患者癌细胞中PRBM1基因功能丧失。41% ccRCC肾癌患者的PRBM1基因没有功能。
PRBM1基因编码一种名叫BAF 180的蛋白质,它是SWI/SNF染色质重塑复合体FBAF亚型的一个子单元。

PBRM1基因功能丧失引起了癌细胞IL6/JAK-STAT3基因通路表达,后者恰恰参与了免疫系统的刺激作用。

下一步,研究人员准备通过更多的随机对照试验,验证这些特定基因变化对免疫疗法的影响,争取早日开展前瞻性临床试验。

第二篇文章,Dana-Farber研究所肿瘤免疫治疗的研究中心主任Kai Wucherpfennig领导的研究小组利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,上调了大约100个黑色素瘤细胞,研究人员推测这些基因可能有助于黑色素瘤细胞抵抗T细胞杀伤。

如果失活这些基因癌细胞对T细胞杀伤变敏感了,就说明它对提高免疫疗法疗效可能具有帮助。通过这样的方法,Wucherpfennig团队不断缩小搜索范围,竟然也锁定了SWI/SNF染色质重塑复合体的PBAF亚型。

当PBRM1基因被敲除后,黑色素瘤细胞对T细胞生产的干扰素IFN-γ(interferon-gamma)更为敏感,IFN-γ是招募更多抗肿瘤T细胞进入肿瘤的信号分子。

PBAF复合体的另外两个基因,ARID2和BRD7突变也被证明与检查点阻断疗法反应有关。调查研究显示,ARID2功能有缺陷的其他癌症患者对免疫疗法反应更好。
作者指出:“这些失活的基因能提高T细胞介导的肿瘤攻击反应,让癌细胞对治疗更为敏感,因此,这些基因的蛋白产物预示着潜在免疫疗法新靶点。扩大免疫疗法靶标,就能扩大受益患者群体。”
 
原始出处;

1.Diana Miaoet al.Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint therapies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Science  04 Jan 2018:eaan5951 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5951

2.Deng Pan,et al.A major chromatin regulator determines resistance of tumor cells to T cell–mediated killing.Science  04 Jan 2018:eaao1710  DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1710

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    2018-01-07 jichang
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375744, encodeId=de4213e5744e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 11:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276104, encodeId=46dd2e610488, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 19:25:14 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276103, encodeId=3b652e61037f, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 19:24:53 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275840, encodeId=16382e584004, content=不错的文章.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:59:06 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275824, encodeId=2ff92e58249a, content=临床上只有20%患者能对免疫疗法产生应答.究竟哪些人能从中受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:45:05 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275819, encodeId=a8e72e5819b3, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM6P57Bs8gOPaY1cQP9lIia0lmZOEXraGaoicqNToIslXDKw/0, createdBy=7a041951742, createdName=衣带渐宽, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:37:46 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275817, encodeId=403f2e581722, content=^_^^_^^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:02:55 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-06 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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    2018-01-06 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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    2018-01-05 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章.值得拥有

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375744, encodeId=de4213e5744e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 11:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276104, encodeId=46dd2e610488, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 19:25:14 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276103, encodeId=3b652e61037f, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 19:24:53 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275840, encodeId=16382e584004, content=不错的文章.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:59:06 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275824, encodeId=2ff92e58249a, content=临床上只有20%患者能对免疫疗法产生应答.究竟哪些人能从中受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:45:05 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275819, encodeId=a8e72e5819b3, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM6P57Bs8gOPaY1cQP9lIia0lmZOEXraGaoicqNToIslXDKw/0, createdBy=7a041951742, createdName=衣带渐宽, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:37:46 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275817, encodeId=403f2e581722, content=^_^^_^^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:02:55 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-05 有备才能无患

    临床上只有20%患者能对免疫疗法产生应答.究竟哪些人能从中受益

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375744, encodeId=de4213e5744e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 07 11:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276104, encodeId=46dd2e610488, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 19:25:14 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=276103, encodeId=3b652e61037f, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Sat Jan 06 19:24:53 CST 2018, time=2018-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275840, encodeId=16382e584004, content=不错的文章.值得拥有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eff51996281, createdName=1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:59:06 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275824, encodeId=2ff92e58249a, content=临床上只有20%患者能对免疫疗法产生应答.究竟哪些人能从中受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:45:05 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275819, encodeId=a8e72e5819b3, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM6P57Bs8gOPaY1cQP9lIia0lmZOEXraGaoicqNToIslXDKw/0, createdBy=7a041951742, createdName=衣带渐宽, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:37:46 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=275817, encodeId=403f2e581722, content=^_^^_^^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Fri Jan 05 22:02:55 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-05 衣带渐宽

    学习

    0

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    2018-01-05 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^^_^^_^

    0

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