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神经皮肤黑变病并颅内黑色素瘤1例

2020-03-30 张晓杰 于谦 刘岩 中国临床神经外科杂志

男,16岁。因发现全身多发褐色至黑色斑块1年、间断性恶心呕吐伴癫痫发作半年于2017年6月8日首次入住我院。

1. 病例资料

男,16岁。因发现全身多发褐色至黑色斑块1年、间断性恶心呕吐伴癫痫发作半年于2017年6月8日首次入住我院。脑电图示多发癫痫样放电波。颅脑MRI检查显示,脑实质表面软脑膜弥漫性增厚、强化(图1A)。MRV示静脉窦血液回流欠佳(图1B、1C)。给予降颅内压、抗癫痫、营养神经、抗病毒等药物治疗。近半年内,上述症状反复发作6次,腰椎穿刺术取脑脊液病理学检查见黑色素瘤细胞及蛛网膜上皮细胞;脑脊液常规检查示白细胞(脑脊液)50×106/L;脑脊液生化检查示脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶63.31 U/L,微量蛋白3357.98mg/L。考虑为“颅内黑色素瘤”。

 1585526109760959.png

图1 A. 首次入院颅脑MRI检查,示脑实质表面软脑膜弥漫性增厚并强化,可符合炎性改变MRI表现;B、C. 首次入院MRV检查示左侧乙状窦、横窦、颈内动脉显影欠佳,窦汇处显影欠佳,下矢状窦未见显影;

2017年12月25日出现双眼视物不清,症状进行性加重;半个月后,双眼完全失明。颅脑MRI 示软脑膜弥漫性增厚并强化,较前进展,脑积水(图1D~F)。

 1585526129543196.png

图1 D. 距首次入院半年MRI复查示软脑膜弥漫性增厚并强化,较前进展,脑室系统扩张,考虑脑积水,脑室周围局部间质性脑水肿;E、F. 距首次入院半年MRV复查示左侧乙状窦、横窦、颈内静脉、右侧乙状窦、直窦、窦汇未见明确显影,右侧横窦、双侧大脑内静脉、大脑大静脉、上矢状窦纤细;

2018年1月11日行脑室-腹腔分流术,术中发现硬膜黑变。取硬脑膜、小部分脑组织病理活检示:(脑)脑组织轻度水肿,间质充血(硬脑膜)纤维结缔组织中查见少许增生的黑色素细胞;免疫组化示细胞角蛋白光谱(-);抗黑素瘤抗体(+);Ki-67(5%:+);Melan-A(-);S-100蛋白(+)。术后视力无改善。2018年2月10日意识变差、吞咽困难、饮水呛咳。颅脑CT示双侧硬膜下积液(图1G)。急诊行硬膜下钻孔引流术。术后复查颅脑CT示硬膜下积液改善明显(图1H)。住院期间病情进行性加重,最终因呼吸、循环功能衰竭死亡。

 1585526147645981.png

图1G. 距首次入院8个月CT 检查示脑室-腹腔分流术后改变,双侧硬膜下积液,其中以左侧显著;H. 硬膜下钻孔引流术后颅脑CT,示脑室-腹腔分流术后改变,左侧硬膜下积液消失

2. 讨论

神经皮肤黑变病是一种罕见的非家族遗传性神经皮肤综合征的一种,无明显性别差异,无家族史,具有散在发病等特点。其基本特征为先天性巨大或多发性皮肤色素痣伴中枢系统黑素细胞增生。诊断标准为:大片或多发的异常先天性色素痣;皮肤色素痣无恶变征象;除神经系统外,其他器官无原发性恶性黑素瘤。

由于黑素为顺磁性物质,MRI检查对黑素较为敏感,表现为短T1、短T2信号。神经皮肤黑变病脑脊液检查可以见脑脊液压力增高,蛋白含量增加,胞质内含有黑素颗粒;脑膜病理活检主要表现为增生的黑色素细胞。神经皮肤黑变病好发于儿童及青年,皮损表现为位于背部中轴的巨大型黑色素细胞痣,伴有卫星灶,主要分布在头部、肩部及四肢等,上覆毛发。中枢神经系统病变可表现为颅内压增高、癫痫样发作、神经症状等。

目前,神经皮肤黑变病无有效的治疗方法,预后差,转变为恶性黑素瘤的概率在6%~60%。一般在1~2岁前发病者,预后差,大约50%的患儿在1岁以内死于脑膜、脑脊髓的黑素细胞浸润,个别病例可存活至20岁以上。本文病例为16岁青年,半年前出现神经系统症状,短期内病情进行性加重,最终因脑膜黑素细胞浸润,导致呼吸、循环功能衰竭而死亡。

原始出处:

张晓杰,于谦,刘岩,张舒婉,常海春,李涛,辛国强.神经皮肤黑变病并颅内黑色素瘤1例[J].中国临床神经外科杂志,2019(03):191.

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    2020-12-31 sunylz
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    2020-04-02 LaserDermatol

    学习

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生物药物公司Elios目前正在开发个体化癌症疫苗,该公司今日宣布,前瞻性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的IIb期临床试验取得喜人结果,该试验旨在评估负载颗粒的树突状细胞(TLPLDC)疫苗治疗III和IV期黑色素瘤患者的有效性和安全性。

2019 欧洲多学科共识指南:黑色素瘤的治疗(更新版)

2019年12月,由欧洲皮肤病学论坛(EDF)、欧洲皮肤肿瘤协会(EADO)和欧洲癌症治疗研究组织(EORTC)组成的多学科专家小组共同发布了黑色素瘤的治疗指南,主要内容涉及皮肤黑色素瘤的诊断和管理。

2020年ASCO-SITC:抗生素会降低黑色素瘤患者经免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的有效性

根据2020年美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)的一项研究,在开始使用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗后3个月内,广谱抗生素暴露与III期和IV期黑色素瘤患者的总生存期(OS)降低显著相关。

拓展阅读

NEJM:纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗治疗晚期黑色素瘤患者10年随访结果公布,10年生存率高达43%(CheckMate 067研究)

黑色素瘤的发病率及致死率在近十年内逐渐增高,全球平均每年新发16万例,死亡48000例。其中,我国每50万癌症死亡人群中,约1例为黑色素瘤死亡。黑色素瘤过去一直以手术切除为主要治疗手段,但预后不佳。近

大咖谈 | 晚期黑色素瘤的后线治疗

本文对BRAF 和 MEK 抑制剂靶向治疗和/或免疫治疗失败的晚期黑色素瘤的后线治疗进行梳理。

Cell:答案来了!研究发现皮肤黑色素瘤偏爱老年男性的潜在机理

该研究发现皮肤成纤维细胞在其增殖、衰老、ROS水平和应激反应方面经历年龄介导的、性别依赖的变化。

Biomaterials:李梦/高洁/张晓伟:新型树突状细胞招募与抗菌水凝胶实现黑色素瘤个性化术后综合性治疗

该研究成功开发了一种原位树突细胞招募与抗菌双重功能的血栓水凝胶,为黑色素瘤个性化术后综合治疗带来了新选择。

大咖谈 | 黑色素瘤淋巴结寡转移免疫联合⽴体定向放疗

恶性⿊⾊素瘤具有⾼侵袭性,淋巴结转移是影响预后的不良因素,转移淋巴结的治疗策略尚存在不少争议。

罕见病例:黑色素瘤术后30年了,还阴魂不散?肺内占位居然是转移!

患者 30 年前右眼黑色素瘤术后,现肺结节增大考虑转移。手术病理证实肺转移性黑色素瘤,强调黑色素瘤易转移及不同分期生存率差异,介绍了其诊疗指南相关内容。

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