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Lancet Infect Dis:五岁以下儿童肺炎临床诊断特征

2015-03-16 徐媛媛 MedSci原创

在发展中国家肺炎是导致儿童死亡最大的因素,但早期诊断和干预能有效降低死亡率。我们旨在评估临床症状和体征诊断价值,并以此来临床指征在判定5岁以下儿童患放射性肺炎时的诊断价值以及审查WHO临床肺炎诊断标准的准确性 。 我们搜索了Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and refer

在发展中国家肺炎是导致儿童死亡最大的因素,但早期诊断和干预能有效降低死亡率。我们旨在评估临床症状和体征诊断价值,并以此来临床指征在判定5岁以下儿童患放射性肺炎时的诊断价值以及审查WHO临床肺炎诊断标准的准确性 。

我们搜索了Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and reference lists of relevant studies,没有日期限制,研究内容为评估儿童放射性肺炎的临床预测指标。文章选择是基于设计(诊断准确性的研究),目标疾病(肺炎)、参与者(孩子年龄< 5岁),设置(非卧床护理或住院护理),指标测试(临床特征)和参考标准(胸片)。文章质量评估是基于2011年的质量评估的诊断准确性的研究(QUADAS-2)为标准。我们通过对敏感性和特异性的计算来检测每一个指标,当我们对四个或更多的研究进行检测时,我们使用二元模型和多层次总结进行meta分析。

我们收纳了18篇文章。世界卫生组织批准的与年龄相关的呼吸紧促迹象(六项研究;混合灵敏度0.62,95% CI 0.26-0.89;特异性0.59,0.29-0.84)和较低的胸壁凹入(四个研究;0.48,0.16-0.82;0.72,0.47-0.89) 会显示较差的诊断效果。汇集阳性似然比最高的诊断特征是高于50次/分钟的呼吸速率(1.90,1.45-2.48),嘟哝(1.78,1.10-2.88),胸壁凹入(1.76、0.76 - 3.58),和鼻鼻翼煽动(1.75,1.20-2.56)。混合阴性似然比最低的是咳嗽(0.30,0.09-0.96),发热史(0.53, 0.41-0.69),和呼吸速率高于40次/分钟(0.43, 0.23-0.83)。

没有一个临床特征来足以明确地诊断肺炎。结合临床特征的决策树可能会提高诊断效果,但增加新的诊断细菌性肺炎的测试将有助于将诊断的准确性促升至更可接受的水平。

原始出处

Rambaud-Althaus C1, Althaus F2, Genton B3, D'Acremont V2.Clinical features for diagnosis of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Mar 10

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    2015-07-19 howi
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